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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Kazakhstan|native_name=Qazaqstan Respublikasy<br>Қазақстан Республикасы<br>Республика Казахстан|image_flag=Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|image_coat=Emblem of Kazakhstan.svg|capital=Astana|largest_city=Almaty|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Älihan Smaiylov]]|anthem=<br>Menıñ Qazaqstanym<br>Менің Қазақстаным|image_map=Kazakhstan map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Kazakh<br>Russian|area_km2=2,724,900|population_estimate=20,075,271|population_estimate_year=2024}}
{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Kazakhstan|native_name=Қазақстан Республикасы<br>Республика Казахстан|image_flag=Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|image_coat=Emblem of Kazakhstan.svg|capital=Astana|largest_city=Almaty|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Älihan Smaiylov]]|image_map=Kazakhstan map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Kazakh<br>Russian|area_km2=2,724,900|population_estimate=19,398,331|population_estimate_year=2022}}


'''Kazakhstan''', officially, the '''Republic of Kazakhstan''', is a country located mainly in [[Central Asia]] bordered by [[Russian Federation|Russia]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Republic of Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyzstan]] and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. Following the [[Russian revolution of 1917|1917 Russian Revolution]], it was made into the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]. After the 1991 [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|fall of the Soviet Union]], it was the last of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] states to declare independence.
'''Kazakhstan''', officially, the '''Republic of Kazakhstan''', is a country located mainly in [[Central Asia]]. Following the [[Russian revolution of 1917|1917 Russian Revolution]], it was made into the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]]. After the 1991 [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|fall of the Soviet Union]], it was the last of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] states to declare independence.
 
== History ==
 
=== Kazakh Khanate ===
{{Main article|Kazakh Khanate (1465–1847)}}
 
=== Russian Kazakhstan ===
{{Main article|Russian Empire (1721–1917)}}
 
=== Socialist period ===
{{Main article|Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)}}{{Main article|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)}}
 
=== Bourgeois state ===
In 1993 the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to the city of Aqmola (now Astana) from its original location in Almaty, which had been the capital of [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)|Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] from 1936 up until its relocation.<ref>[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U950002457_ On the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.] Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan №2457</ref>
 
Another change to national symbols kept from Soviet Kazakhstan was the drafting of a new anthem in 2006 - "Menıñ Qazaqstanym". It was to replace the anthem adopted in 1992, which had the same melody as the anthem of the Kazakh SSR. The new anthem was co-written by the first president of bourgeois Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev.<ref>[https://www.akorda.kz/en/state_symbols/kazakhstan_anthem National Anthem of Kazakhstan.] Official website of the President of Kazakhstan.</ref>


In 2022, [[2022 Kazakhstan protests|protests]] rapidly overwhelmed the Kazakh government, but [[Russian Federation|Russian]] forces restored stability.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=|title=Kazakh president's home ablaze as protests escalate, police clash with demonstrators|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-06/kazakh-presidents-home-ablaze-as-protests-escalate/100740790|newspaper=ABC|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>
In 2022, [[2022 Kazakhstan protests|protests]] rapidly overwhelmed the Kazakh government, but [[Russian Federation|Russian]] forces restored stability.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=|title=Kazakh president's home ablaze as protests escalate, police clash with demonstrators|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-06/kazakh-presidents-home-ablaze-as-protests-escalate/100740790|newspaper=ABC|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Stubs]]
[[Category:Asian countries]]
[[Category:Asian countries]]
<references />
[[Category:Formerly socialist countries]]
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