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=== Interwar period === | === Interwar period === | ||
The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] took Vilnius in January 1919 but was driven out by Western-backed [[Nationalism|nationalists]]. After a coalition of [[Socialism|socialists]] and populists won the 1926 election, a military coup established a [[Fascism|fascist]] dictatorship led by [[Antanas Smetona]], an admirer of [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]. After Lithuania violated a mutual assistance treaty with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in 1940, communist forces in Lithuania organized its incorporation into the USSR. | The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] took Vilnius in January 1919 but was driven out by Western-backed [[Nationalism|nationalists]]. After a coalition of [[Socialism|socialists]] and populists won the 1926 election, a military coup established a [[Fascism|fascist]] dictatorship led by [[Antanas Smetona]], an admirer of [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]. After Lithuania violated a mutual assistance treaty with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in 1940, communist forces in Lithuania organized its incorporation into the USSR. | ||
=== Second World War === | === Second World War === | ||
[[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] invaded Lithuania in 1941 following a nationalist rebellion in Vilnius. The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] drove the Nazis out in 1944 with support from Lithuanian guerrillas, but scattered fighting against the Soviet Union continued until 1953.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page= | [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] invaded Lithuania in 1941 following a nationalist rebellion in Vilnius. The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] drove the Nazis out in 1944 with support from Lithuanian guerrillas, but scattered fighting against the Soviet Union continued until 1953.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=81|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd.|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> | ||
=== Soviet era === | === Soviet era === | ||