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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Lithuania|native_name=Lietuvos Respublika|image_flag=Flag of Lithuania.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|capital=Vilnius|largest_city=Vilnius|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=Gitanas Nauseda|image_map=Lithuania map.png|map_width=290|map_caption=Lithuania (dark green) in the [[European Union]] (light green)|official_languages=Lithuanian|area_km2=65,300|population_estimate=2,830,097|population_estimate_year=2022}}
{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Lithuania|native_name=Lietuvos Respublika|capital=Vilnius|largest_city=Vilnius|image_map=Lithuania map.png|map_width=290|map_caption=Lithuania (dark green) in the [[European Union]] (light green)|official_languages=Lithuanian|area_km2=65,300|population_estimate=2,830,097|population_estimate_year=2022}}


'''Lithuania''', officially the '''Republic of Lithuania''', is a country in the Baltic region of [[Europe]]. It was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] from the [[Second World War]] until the [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|counterrevolution of 1991]]. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] has secret prisons in Lithuania since 2001, although the [[United States of America|U.S.]] government did not admit it until 2006.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Derek Jennings|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Re-open investigation of secret CIA prisons in Lithuania!|date=2011-02-03|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/lithuania-cia-prisons-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714124619/https://www.liberationnews.org/lithuania-cia-prisons-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>
'''Lithuania''', officially the '''Republic of Lithuania''', is a country in the Baltic region of [[Europe]]. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] has secret prisons in Lithuania since 2001, although the [[United States of America|U.S.]] government did not admit it until 2006.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Derek Jennings|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Re-open investigation of secret CIA prisons in Lithuania!|date=2011-02-03|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/lithuania-cia-prisons-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714124619/https://www.liberationnews.org/lithuania-cia-prisons-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
=== Interwar period ===
The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] took Vilnius in January 1919 but was driven out by Western-backed [[Nationalism|nationalists]]. After a coalition of [[Socialism|socialists]] and populists won the 1926 election, a military coup established a [[Fascism|fascist]] dictatorship led by [[Antanas Smetona]], an admirer of [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]. After Lithuania violated a mutual assistance treaty with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in 1940, communist forces in Lithuania organized its incorporation into the USSR.<ref name=":0" />
=== Second World War ===
[[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] invaded Lithuania in 1941 following a nationalist rebellion in Vilnius. The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] drove the Nazis out in 1944 with support from Lithuanian guerrillas, but scattered fighting against the Soviet Union continued until 1953.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=80–81|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd.|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>


=== Soviet era ===
=== Soviet era ===
During the Soviet era, a higher percentage of Lithuanians were enrolled in higher education that ethnic [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russians]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Eugene Puryear|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Nations and Soviets: The National Question in the USSR|date=2022-06-06|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630072437/https://www.liberationnews.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-date=2022-06-30|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref> Living standards and the economy improved rapidly under socialism.<ref name=":0" />  
Lithuania was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] from the [[Second World War]] until the [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|counterrevolution of 1991]]. During the Soviet era, a higher percentage of Lithuanians were enrolled in higher education that ethnic [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russians]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Eugene Puryear|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Nations and Soviets: The National Question in the USSR|date=2022-06-06|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630072437/https://www.liberationnews.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-date=2022-06-30|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref> The poverty rate increased from 1% in the late 1980s to 30% in 1994.<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|chapter=Poverty|section=By How Much Has Poverty Increased?|page=68|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314180055/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=Washington, D.C.|publisher=World Bank|isbn=082133994X}}</ref>


=== Capitalist era ===
=== Capitalist era ===
Due to the capitalist counterrevolution, poverty increased from 1% in the late 1980s to 30% in 1994.<ref>{{Citation|author=Branko Milanovic|year=1998|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty during the Transition from Planned to Market Economy|chapter=Poverty|section=By How Much Has Poverty Increased?|page=68|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314180055/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/Income_ineq_poverty_book.pdf|city=Washington, D.C.|publisher=World Bank|isbn=082133994X}}</ref> In 2004, the [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] Lithuanian regime joined [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Richard Becker|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Right on NATO’s doorstep?|date=2022-01-25|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/right-on-natos-doorstep/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225114046/https://www.liberationnews.org/right-on-natos-doorstep/|archive-date=2022-02-25|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref> In 2009, the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] cut wages for Lithuanian health and education workers by 20% to 40%.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Radhika Miller|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Lithuanian workers latest victims of IMF, capitalism|date=2009-05-16|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/09-05-16-lithuanian-workers-latest-victim-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714142712/https://www.liberationnews.org/09-05-16-lithuanian-workers-latest-victim-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>
In 2004, the [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] Lithuanian regime joined [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Richard Becker|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Right on NATO’s doorstep?|date=2022-01-25|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/right-on-natos-doorstep/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225114046/https://www.liberationnews.org/right-on-natos-doorstep/|archive-date=2022-02-25|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref> In 2009, the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] cut wages for Lithuanian health and education workers by 20% to 40%.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Radhika Miller|newspaper=Liberation News|title=Lithuanian workers latest victims of IMF, capitalism|date=2009-05-16|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/09-05-16-lithuanian-workers-latest-victim-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714142712/https://www.liberationnews.org/09-05-16-lithuanian-workers-latest-victim-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-08-08}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:European countries]]
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