The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Poland|native_name=Rzeczpospolita Polska|image_flag= | {{Infobox country|name=Republic of Poland|native_name=Rzeczpospolita Polska|image_flag=Flag of the Second Polish Republic.png|image_map=Poland 1930.png|map_width=290|largest_city=[[Warsaw]]|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary Bourgeois Republic|capital=[[Warsaw]]|official_languages=Polish|regional_languages=German<br>Belarusian<br>Lithuanian<br>Ukrainian|area_km2=388,634|population_estimate=35,100,000|population_estimate_year=1939}} | ||
The ('''Second''') '''Polish Republic''', officially the '''Republic of Poland''', was a state in [[ | The ('''Second''') '''Polish Republic''', officially the '''Republic of Poland''', was a state in [[Eastern Europe]] which existed from 1918 to 1939. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
The majority of Poles (74%) were [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]], although there were also sizable Jewish, [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and [[Orthodox Catholic Church|Orthodox]] minorities within the country. Indeed, of the estimated six million Jews who were later murdered in [[The Holocaust]], three million were Polish. | The majority of Poles (74%) were [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]], although there were also sizable Jewish, [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and [[Orthodox Catholic Church|Orthodox]] minorities within the country. Indeed, of the estimated six million Jews who were later murdered in [[The Holocaust]], three million were Polish. | ||
== Status of Minorities == | |||
== Status of | |||
=== Jews === | === Jews === | ||
Line 35: | Line 32: | ||
In 1924, a law was passed, excluding the Ukrainian language from use in government institutions while also replacing the word 'Ukrainian' with the archaic term '[[Ruthenians|Ruthenian]]'. | In 1924, a law was passed, excluding the Ukrainian language from use in government institutions while also replacing the word 'Ukrainian' with the archaic term '[[Ruthenians|Ruthenian]]'. | ||
While some bilingual Polish-Ukrainian schools were established during the Second Republic, it has been noted by some observers that leading subjects were almost always taught in Polish.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[The Northern Miner (Queensland)|The Northern Miner]]|title='POLONISATION' OF THE UKRAINE.|date=1933-05-30|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/81221170|retrieved=2023-06-12|quote=}}</ref> One Ukrainian college in [[Ternopil]] was shut down | While some bilingual Polish-Ukrainian schools were established during the Second Republic, it has been noted by some observers that leading subjects were almost always taught in Polish.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[The Northern Miner (Queensland)|The Northern Miner]]|title='POLONISATION' OF THE UKRAINE.|date=1933-05-30|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/81221170|retrieved=2023-06-12|quote=}}</ref> One Ukrainian college in [[Ternopil]] was even shut down because some students were suspected of treason, but once cleared of all suspicion, the college was not allowed to reopen. | ||
Orthodox churches were destroyed or converted to Catholic churches, to the detriment of Ukrainians (most of whom were Orthodox), and some Polish colonists took it upon themselves to harass Ukrainian citizens with the goal of converting them to Catholicism. | Orthodox churches were destroyed or converted to Catholic churches, to the detriment of Ukrainians (most of whom were Orthodox), and some Polish colonists took it upon themselves to harass Ukrainian citizens with the goal of converting them to Catholicism. | ||
Line 41: | Line 38: | ||
[[Prosvita]] (an organisation for the preservation and development of Ukrainian culture) was viciously attacked by the Polish authorities. Of nine "District Prosvitas" in Volhynia, seven were shut down by the Polish State, and of 140 "Village Prosvitas" in [[Lutsk]], none were allowed to survive.<ref name=":1" /> | [[Prosvita]] (an organisation for the preservation and development of Ukrainian culture) was viciously attacked by the Polish authorities. Of nine "District Prosvitas" in Volhynia, seven were shut down by the Polish State, and of 140 "Village Prosvitas" in [[Lutsk]], none were allowed to survive.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
The harsh treatment of the Ukrainian minority in Poland only contributed to the Ukrainian nationalism and terrorism in the country as many Ukrainians, disillusioned with the Polish government, | The harsh treatment of the Ukrainian minority in Poland only contributed to the Ukrainian nationalism and terrorism in the country as many Ukrainians, disillusioned with the Polish government, turned to the [[Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists]]. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:History of Poland]] | [[Category:History of Poland]] |