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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of the Sudan|native_name=جمهورية السودان|image_flag=Flag of Sudan.png|image_coat=Emblem of Sudan.svg|capital=Khartoum|largest_city= | {{Infobox country|name=Republic of the Sudan|native_name=جمهورية السودان|image_flag=Flag of Sudan.png|image_coat=Emblem of Sudan.svg|capital=Khartoum|largest_city=Omdurman|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Federal [[Bourgeois]] Provisional Government|image_map=Sudan map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic<br>English|area_km2=1,886,068|population_estimate=45,709,353|population_estimate_year=2022}} | ||
'''Sudan''', officially the '''Republic of the Sudan''', is a country in | '''Sudan''', officially the '''Republic of the Sudan''', is a country in Northern Africa. It is currently under a military dictatorship in opposition to the [[Sudanese Communist Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=PSL Statement — Sudan: In the face of civil war, the people demand the end of military rule|date=2023-04-18|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/sudan-in-the-face-of-civil-war-the-people-demand-the-end-of-military-rule/|retrieved=2023-04-18}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Sudan was under a military dictatorship from 1964 to 1969, when [[Jaafar Nimeiry]] overthrew the corrupt junta with support from the Sudanese Communist Party. Nimeiry banned all political parties except the SCP. In 1970, he began an attack on [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]]'s reactionary [[National Umma Party|Umma Party]] before cracking down on the SCP.<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Bali|page=159–61|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | Sudan was under a military dictatorship from 1964 to 1969, when [[Jaafar Nimeiry]] overthrew the corrupt junta with support from the Sudanese Communist Party. Nimeiry banned all political parties except the SCP. In 1970, he began an attack on [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]]'s reactionary [[National Umma Party|Umma Party]] before cracking down on the SCP.<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Bali|page=159–61|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | ||
In 1985, mass protests removed Nimeiry from power, but [[Omar Hassan al-Bashir]] established another dictatorship in 1989. [[United States of America|U.S.]] president [[Bill Clinton]] ordered the destruction of Sudan's only pharmaceutical plant in 1988, removing 90% of Sudan's access to medicine.<ref name=":1" /> Sudan lost all access from anti-malaria drugs.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2023-04-12|title=Ramsey Clark, human rights fighter – 1927-2021|url=https://www.workers.org/2021/04/55760/|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131173503/https://www.workers.org/2021/04/55760/|archive-date=2023-01-31|retrieved=2023-04-23|author=Sara Flounders}}</ref> South Sudan broke away from Sudan in 2011. | In 1985, mass protests removed Nimeiry from power, but [[Omar Hassan al-Bashir]] established another dictatorship in 1989. [[United States of America|U.S.]] president [[Bill Clinton]] ordered the destruction of Sudan's only pharmaceutical plant in 1988, removing 90% of Sudan's access to medicine.<ref name=":1" /> Sudan lost all access from anti-malaria drugs.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2023-04-12|title=Ramsey Clark, human rights fighter – 1927-2021|url=https://www.workers.org/2021/04/55760/|newspaper=[[Workers World]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131173503/https://www.workers.org/2021/04/55760/|archive-date=2023-01-31|retrieved=2023-04-23|author=Sara Flounders}}</ref> [[Republic of South Sudan|South Sudan]] broke away from Sudan in 2011. | ||
In 2019, the military overthrew Bashir, and [[Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf]] briefly took power before being replaced by [[Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan]], an ally of the [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] and [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] monarchies.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Luwezi Kinshasa|newspaper=[[The Burning Spear]]|title=The fall of Omar Hassan al-Bachir|date=2019-06-10|url=http://www.theburningspear.com/2019/06/The-fall-of-Omar-Hassan-al-Bachir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003215/http://www.theburningspear.com/2019/06/The-fall-of-Omar-Hassan-al-Bachir|archive-date=2020-11-09|retrieved=2022-08-13}}</ref> In October 2021, the army staged a coup and took full control of the state. In 2023, fighting broke out between Abdel Fattah's government and the [[Rapid Support Forces]] led by General [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo]].<ref name=":0" /> | In 2019, the military overthrew Bashir, and [[Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf]] briefly took power before being replaced by [[Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan]], an ally of the [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] and [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] monarchies.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Luwezi Kinshasa|newspaper=[[The Burning Spear]]|title=The fall of Omar Hassan al-Bachir|date=2019-06-10|url=http://www.theburningspear.com/2019/06/The-fall-of-Omar-Hassan-al-Bachir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003215/http://www.theburningspear.com/2019/06/The-fall-of-Omar-Hassan-al-Bachir|archive-date=2020-11-09|retrieved=2022-08-13}}</ref> In October 2021, the army staged a coup and took full control of the state. In 2023, fighting broke out between Abdel Fattah's government and the [[Rapid Support Forces]] led by General [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||