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| {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=Republican Movement Split of 1969/1970|date=1969-1970|location=[[Ireland]]|status=Resulted in split between [[Irish Republicanism#Abstentionism/Electoralism|Abstentionist]] and Electoralist factions.|combatants_header=Belligerents|combatant1='''Electoralists'''<br>[[Cathal Goulding]] (Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army)<br>[[Tomás Mac Giolla]] (President of Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin)<br>[[Roy Johnston]] (Anti-Treaty IRA Director of Education)<br>[[Seán Garland]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader) |combatant2='''Abstentionists'''<br>[[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] (Officer Commanding, Donegal Unit, Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army)<br>[[Seamus Twomey]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader)<br>[[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] (former Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA)<br>[[Seán Mac Stiofáin]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader)}}The '''Republican Movement Split of 1969/1970''' was a political conflict within the [[Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army]] and [[Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin]] over several issues, most notably the issue of abstentionism and whether or not Sinn Féin would adopt an electoralist path.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The Republican Movement split of 1969/1970|date=2020-01-09}}</ref> |
| |partof=[[The Troubles]]| date= 1969-1970|place=[[Ireland]]| result=The formation of the abstentionist [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] and [[Provisional Sinn Féin]] and the electoralist [[Official Irish Republican Army]] and [[Official Sinn Féin]]|combatants_header='''Leading Figures'''|combatant1='''Electoralists/Officials'''<br>[[Cathal Goulding]] (Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army)<br>[[Tomás Mac Giolla]] (President of Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin)<br>[[Roy Johnston]] (Anti-Treaty IRA Director of Education)<br>[[Seán Garland]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader)|combatant2='''Abstentionists/Provisionals'''<br>[[Seán Mac Stiofáin]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader)<br>[[Dáithí Ó Conaill]] (Officer Commanding, Donegal Unit, Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army)<br>[[Seamus Twomey]] (Anti-Treaty IRA leader)<br>[[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] (former Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA)}} The '''Republican Movement Split of 1969/1970''' was a political conflict within the [[Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army]] and [[Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin]] over several issues, most notably the issue of abstentionism and whether or not Sinn Féin would adopt an electoralist path.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The Republican Movement split of 1969/1970|date=2020-01-09}}</ref> | |
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| The conflict resulted in the creation of two factions within the Irish Republican movement: The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] and its political wing [[Provisional Sinn Féin]], and the [[Official Irish Republican Army]] and its political wing [[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Official Sinn Féin]] (later the Workers' Party).<ref name=":0" /> | | The conflict resulted in the creation of two factions within the Irish Republican movement: The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] and its political wing [[Provisional Sinn Féin]], and the [[Official Irish Republican Army]] and its political wing [[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Official Sinn Féin]] (later the Workers' Party).<ref name=":0" /> |
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| === Leftward Shift and Move Towards Electoralism === | | === Leftward Shift and Move Towards Electoralism === |
| [[Cathal Goulding]], a devoted [[Marxist-Leninist]] and [[Irish Republican]] veteran, became the [[Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army]] Chief of Staff in 1962.<ref>{{Web citation|author=William Lawrence White|newspaper=Dictionary of Irish Biography|title=Goulding, Cathal|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/goulding-cathal-a3552}}</ref> The same year Socialist Republican [[Tomás Mac Giolla]] became president of the Anti-Treaty IRA political wing, [[Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Brian Hanley|newspaper=https://www.dib.ie/biography/mac-giolla-tomas-a9847|title=Mac Giolla, Tomás|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/mac-giolla-tomas-a9847}}</ref> These and other figures led the leftward shift of the Republican movement, which was, with some notable exceptions, generally well regarded in the party. At the 1965 IRA convention however a controversial proposal was made by the grouping, which by that point made up the leadership of the Republican movement. It was proposed that Sinn Féin drop its policy of abstentionism, originally only in the collaborator [[Republic of Ireland]] Parliament, but later in the [[Stormont]] (Northern Irish) Parliament and the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]].<ref name=":0" />
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| Goulding also began to turn away from the armed struggle around this time, advocating for gradual economic and social reform in the six counties and attempts at unification of the Protestant and Catholic Northern Irish Proletariat. This approach would prove to be impossible after the violent Protestant reaction to the Catholic Civil Rights Movement in 1969 and the near total refusal of cooperation by Protestant labor unions.<ref name=":0" />
| | === Establishment of Provisional Council and Split === |
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| There was also growing dissatisfaction at the Dublin based leadership of the IRA, which many in the North viewed as not being adequate in its defense of the Northern Irish Catholics.<ref name=":0" />
| | == Leaders Involved == |
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| There was also tension in the broader Republican movement, with Republican women's group [[Cumann na mBan]] breaking from the IRA due to their opposition to the presence of the [[Trotskyist]] political party [[Saor Éire (1967-1975)|Saor Éire]] being present at the commemoration at the grave of [[Theobald Wolfe Tone]].<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=Brian Hanley|year=2020|title=‘The Republican Movement divides:
| | == Aftermath == |
| December 1969 – January 1970’|title-url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/islandpublications/hall20-ip126.pdf}}</ref>
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| These factors led to growing tension before the [[1969 Irish Republican Army Convention]] and the [[1970 Sinn Féin Ard Fheis]].
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| === Army Convention and Ard Fheis ===
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| The 1969 IRA Convention in December 1969 focused on two main issues. Cathal Goulding's faction within the IRA/Sinn Féin proposed two motions: that the IRA join with other left wing factions into a National Liberation Front, and that the Republican movement drop abstentionism.<ref name=":0" />
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| The IRA leadership there passed both motions, leading to the forming of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional Army Council]] by Republicans led by [[Seán Mac Stiofáin]] on December 28. In addition to Mac Stiofáin, the new Provisional Council included former Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]], Anti-Treaty Army Council member [[Leo Martin]], fellow council member [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]], former Republican political prisoner [[Joe Cahill]] and Republican figures [[Sean Tracey]] and [[Paddy Mulcahy]]. This faction was broadly supported among Republicans, including many who had left or been expelled from Sinn Féin in the previous years and many of those in the North.<ref name=":0" />
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| The 1970 Sinn Féin Ard Fheis was held on 10 and 11 January. The motion would require a two-thirds majority, which the electoralist faction could not acquire. The electoralists then proposed a motion pledging support to the leadership of the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army, which would by default cause the motion to go into effect, as it was accepted by the remaining leadership there. This triggered a walkout, with about one third of the delegated leaving to meet at [[Kevin Barry Hall]]. There they reconvened, forming [[Provisional Sinn Féin]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=CAIN|title=Abstentionism: Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, 1-2 November 1986 - A Chronology of Main Events - Sunday 11 January 1970|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/abstentionism/chron.htm}}</ref>
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| The Provisionals became the dominant Republican grouping soon after, with Cumann na mBan and [[Fianna Éireann]] siding with them after the split.<ref name=":1" />
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| == Electoralist/Official Leaders ==
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| ==== Cathal Goulding ====
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| ''See main article: [[Cathal Goulding]]''
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| ==== Tomas Mac Giolla ====
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| ''See main article: [[Tomas Mac Giolla]]''
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| ==== Roy Johnston ====
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| ''See main article: [[Roy Johnston]]''
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| ==== Seán Garland ====
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| ''See main article: [[Seán Garland]]''
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| ==== Seamus Costello ====
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| ''See main article: [[Seamus Costello]]''
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| ==== Michael "Mick" Ryan ====
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| ''See main article: [[Michael "Mick" Ryan]]''
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| == Abstentionist/Provisional Leaders ==
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| ==== Sean Mac Stíofáin ====
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| ''See main article: [[Sean Mac Stíofáin]]''
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| ==== Dáithí Ó C'''o'''naill ====
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| ''See main article: [[Dáithí Ó Conaill]]''
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| ==== Seamus Twomey ====
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| ''See main article: [[Seamus Twomey]]''
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| ==== Ruairí Ó Brádaigh ====
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| ''See main article: [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]]''
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| === Charlie McGlade ===
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| ''See main article: [[Charlie McGlade]]''
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| ==== Eamon Mac Thomáis ====
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| ''See main article: [[Eamon Mac Thomáis]]''
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| == References ==
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| <references />
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| [[Category:Irish organizations]]
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