Editing Russian Federation

{{Message box/Incomplete}}{{Infobox country
| name = Russian Federation
| native_name = Российская Федерация
| image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Russian Federation.svg
| image_map = Russian map with unrecognized territories.jpg
| map_width = 220px
|map_caption=Territories claimed by other nations (Donbass, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia and Kuril islands) in light green| capital = Moscow
| largest_city = capital
|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]| government_type = Federal semi-presidential republic
| established_event1 = Proclamation of the Russian Empire
| established_date1 = 2 November 1721
| established_event2 = [[Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Establishment of the USSR]]
| established_date2 =30 December 1922
| population_estimate = 146,171,015
| population_estimate_year   = 2021
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]]
| leader_title2 = Prime minister
| leader_name2 = Mikhail Mishustin
|established_date3=12 December 1991
|established_event3=Establishment of the Russian Federation}}
The '''Russian Federation''' is a [[Bourgeois state|bourgeois]] republic opposed to [[Imperial core|the West]] straddled across [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It is the World's largest state by land area and borders [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Mongolia]], [[Republic of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Republic of Belarus|Belarus]], [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], [[Republic of Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Republic of Latvia|Latvia]], [[Republic of Estonia|Estonia]], [[Republic of Finland|Finland]], [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]] and the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|DPRK]] as well as having the third longest coastline. Previously a part of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] as the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russian SFSR]], it was established in December 12th, 1991 during the [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|counter-revolution in the Soviet Union]].
==History==

=== Grand Duchy of Moscow ===
{{Main article|Grand Duchy of Moscow (1282–1547)}}

=== Tsardom of Russia ===
{{Main article|Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)}}

=== Russian Empire ===
{{Main article|Russian Empire (1721–1917)}}

=== Socialist period ===
{{Main article|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917-1991)}}

=== Bourgeois state ===
The Russian SFSR declared sovereignty on December 12, 1991<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=1991-12-12|title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I|url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907|newspaper=Сейчас.ру|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>, even though 73% of the population had voted to remain in the Soviet Union earlier that year.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2020-10-07|title=Sowjetunion, 17. März 1991 : Weiterbestand der UdSSR als Föderation gleichberechtigter und souveräner Staaten|url=https://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=su011991|newspaper=Database and Search Engine for Direct Democracy|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2021-12-29}}</ref> On December 25, [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] resigned and the Soviet Union was dissolved the next day.<ref>{{Citation|author=Zbigniew K. Brzezinski|year=1997|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|chapter=|section=|page=50|quote=|pdf=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5#v=snippet&q=26%20december%201991%20ussr&f=false|city=London|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|isbn=1563246376|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>

In 2014, Russia annexed [[Crimea]], a peninsula that was previously administered by Ukraine, after a referendum in the region, which resulted in 97% voting for annexation. The legitimacy of this referendum is disputed. It should be noted, however, that the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) was invited to observe the plebiscite but refused, claiming Crimea is not an independent state and thus cannot invite the OSCE.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Reuters|newspaper=Reuters|title=RPT UPDATE 1-Crimea invites OSCE observers for referendum on joining Russia|date=2014-03-10|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-referendum-osce-idUSL6N0M73AP20140310/|archive-url=https://archive.is/rwjot|archive-date=2024-06-09|retrieved=2024-06-16|quote=But later in the day, a OSCE spokeswoman said Crimea could not invite observers as the region was not a full-fledged state and therefore not a member of the 57-member organisation.}}</ref>

=== Russo-Ukrainian War ===
The annexation of Crimea, combined with pro-Russian insurgencies in the [[Donbass]] region of Ukraine, started the [[2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict|Russo-Ukrainian war]], which was escalated by Russia on the 24 February 2022 when it mounted a special military operation in Ukraine. Following the invasion, the [[Donetsk People's Republic (2014–2022)|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic (2014–2022)|Lugansk People’s Republics]] and the Ukrainian regions of Zaporozhye and Kherson voted to join Russia in a referendum.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Wayne Cristaudo|newspaper=The Postil Magazine|title=The Narrative of Sham Elections|date=2022-11-01|url=https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117121827/https://www.thepostil.com/the-narrative-of-sham-elections/|archive-date=2022-11-17|retrieved=2022-12-01}}</ref> 

The United Nations does not recognize the referendum. 

In spite of so-called "crushing" sanctions from the NATO bloc and exclusion from the [[SWIFT]] system, Russian political stability and the economy are doing well<ref>{{YouTube citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9ACKr20dAE|channel=DW News|title=Russia‘s economy is growing, why aren't sanctions stopping it?|date=2024-03-15}}</ref> as the Russian Federation racks up victories in Bakhmut, Avdiivka, and throughout the Donetsk region.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Joshua Keating|newspaper=Vox|title=Are Ukraine’s defenses starting to crumble?|date=2024-02-22|url=https://www.vox.com/2024/2/22/24079595/avdiivka-ukraine-russia-war-artillery|retrieved=2024-03-16}}</ref> British general Richard Barrons, former commander of the UK's Joint Forces Command, has predicted that Russia may win in Ukraine in 2024.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Frank Gardner|newspaper=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)|title=Ukraine could face defeat in 2024. Here's how that might look|date=2024-04-13|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68778338|archive-url=https://archive.is/IaR57|archive-date=2024-04-20|retrieved=2024-06-16|quote=The former commander of the UK's Joint Forces Command has warned that Ukraine could face defeat by Russia in 2024. General Sir Richard Barrons has told the BBC there is "a serious risk" of Ukraine losing the war this year.}}</ref> This is noteworthy, as the bourgeois media has published articles that exaggerate Ukraine's military performance throughout the duration of the war, as they blindly trust NATO and Pentagon briefs and reports.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Marwan Bishara|newspaper=Al Jazeera|title=Western media and the war on truth in Ukraine|date=2022-08-04|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/8/4/western-media-and-the-war-on-truth-in|archive-url=https://archive.is/CFTa6|archive-date=2022-08-12|retrieved=2024-06-16|quote=While the Russian media has little or no choice but to parrot the official line, Western media has a choice but chooses to trust NATO and Pentagon briefs and reports, regardless of their intentions. Take for example the declaration of an anonymous (why anonymous?) senior Pentagon official that: “Russia has committed nearly 85 percent of its military to the war in Ukraine” and “has removed military coverage from other areas on their border and around the world”; Russia “still has not figured out how to use combined arms effectively”; Russia is “taking hundreds of casualties a day”. Among Russia’s military fatalities have been “thousands” of lieutenants and captains, “hundreds” of colonels, and “many” generals.}}</ref> 

==Economy==
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian economy was in deep turmoil, during which time it was exploited by Western imperialist parasites.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Darya Sinusoid|date=2021-08-25|title=Russia’s Shock Therapy: Neoliberalizing Russia|url=https://www.shortform.com/blog/russia-shock-therapy/}}</ref> 

[[Vladimir Putin]]'s presidency marked a turning point in the Russian economy, his ascension was preceded by an academic paper he wrote where he proposed that Russia use its vast natural resources to restructure and revitalize the economy around major state-owned enterprises.<ref>{{News citation|title=What did Putin bring to the Russian economy after 20 years in office?|url=https://ycnews.com/what-did-putin-bring-to-the-russian-economy-after-20-years-in-office/}}</ref> It was only after Russia again asserted its economic independence that it became demonized by Western [[bourgeois media]] yet again, in a fashion reminiscent of [[Cold War]] histrionics. 

In 2022, US sanctions against Russia backfired against the US, resulting in immense gains for the Russian state-owned oil and gas sector.<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Richard Medhurst]]|newspaper=[[Richard Medhurst]]|title=Russian Oil Revenue SOARS After Sanctions|date=2022-06-15|url=https://youtu.be/QsiYMfQDqUA}}</ref>

Less than a quarter of the Russian population supports [[capitalism]] and 62% prefer a centrally [[Planned economy|planned]] [[Socialism|socialist]] economy similar to their Soviet predecessor.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Levada-Center|title=What Do Russians Think Russia Should Be Like?|date=2021-10-05|url=https://www.levada.ru/en/2021/10/05/what-do-russians-think-russia-should-be-like/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428191957/https://www.levada.ru/en/2021/10/05/what-do-russians-think-russia-should-be-like/|archive-date=2022-04-28|retrieved=2022-08-01}}</ref>

=== Russian "imperialism" ===
Russia does not fit [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s definition of [[imperialism]] and lacks finance capital and division of the world's resources. It only has 4 of the top 100 corporations in the world and 6 of the top 500. 82% of Russian exports are raw materials, including 58% oil, 11% metal, and 6% food. In 2017, Russia imported $106.2 billion worth' of machine goods and only exported $12.8 billion. Russia does not have any of the top 100 corporations in terms of [[capital]] export, and most Russian capital export is capital flight to tax havens. Russia only controls 0.7% of the world's wealth and has much less wealth per adult than the [[United States of America|United States]] ($8,843 vs $336,528). Russia has intervened militarily in other countries such as [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006)|Yugoslavia]], Georgia, Ukraine, and [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]], but not to seize natural resources like imperialist countries do.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Stansfield Smith|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Is Russia imperialist?|date=2019-01-02|url=https://mronline.org/2019/01/02/is-russia-imperialist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315020644/https://mronline.org/2019/01/02/is-russia-imperialist/|archive-date=2023-03-15|retrieved=2023-03-22}}</ref>

==Politics==
The ruling party of the Russian Federation is the nationalist party [[United Russia]], which has the majority of seats in the parliament. Vladimir Putin was formerly a member of the party but is now an independent.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2012-04-24|title=Vladimir Putin quits as head of Russia's ruling party|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9223621/Vladimir-Putin-quits-as-head-of-Russias-ruling-party.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref> Other major parties are the [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]], the social democratic party [[A Just Russia – For Truth]], and the far-right [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|Liberal Democratic Party]].

18% of Russians prefer the current political system and only 16% support a Western-style [[Liberalism|liberal]] democracy. Almost half (49%) prefer the Soviet system with a [[vanguard party]], including 62% of Russians aged 55 or older.<ref name=":0" />

=== LGBT discrimination ===
In November 30, a law prohibiting "[[LGBT+|LGBT]] propaganda" was unanimously approved by the Russian [[Federal Council]] after the bill was passed in [[State Duma]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|title=State Duma passes bill banning LGBT, pedophilia propaganda|date=2022-11-23|url=https://tass.com/politics/1541001}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|url=https://tass.com/politics/1543895|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|date=2022-11-23|title=Federation Council unanimously approves law banning LGBT propaganda}}</ref> The bill implicitly associates LGBT people with [[pedophilia]] and introduces a ban on "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships."<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://tass.com/politics/1543895|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|date=2022-11-23|title=Federation Council unanimously approves law banning LGBT propaganda|quote=The law introduces a ban on propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships, pedophilia and the dissemination of information about LGBT people in the media, the Internet, ads, literature and movies. It also bans calls for gender transition among teenagers: on the Internet, in the media, books, audiovisual sources, movies and advertisements.}}</ref>

In July 2023, a [[LGBT+#Refuting myths about transgender people|transphobic]] law prohibiting gender-reassignment procedures and transgender healthcare was passed by the State Duma and came into effect on July 24th.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/russian-lawmakers-pass-bill-outlawing-gender-reassignment Russian lawmakers pass bill outlawing gender reassignment.] Al Jazeera.</ref> The law instates a complete ban on carrying out "medical interventions aimed at gender reassignment", including formation of primary and (or) secondary "sexual characteristics of the other sex".<ref>[https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_121895/902a58ee0b9a7017e3e5a77464c63deadaf6c5fc/ Запрет смены пола человека.] КонсультантПлюс.</ref>

=== Foreign relations ===
[[File:Russian relations poll.png|thumb|Poll showing attitudes towards Russia in the West compared to [[Republic of India|India]], China, and [[Republic of Turkey|Turkey]]]]
The majority of people in India, China, and Turkey see Russia as an ally or necessary partner, but most westerners see it as an enemy.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Geopolitical Economy Report]]|title=West is out of touch with rest of world politically, EU-funded study admits|date=2023-02-25|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2023/02/25/west-rest-world-eu-study/|retrieved=2023-02-25}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
The Russian Federation inherited a well-developed infrastructure network from the USSR, with air and rail travel now forming the backbone of the Russian infrastructure and economy. Though the Russian railways are state-owned, the main air carrier, Aeroflot, was privatized by Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s, leading to a significant drop in service quality and carrying capacity.{{Citation needed}}

==Demographics==
Russia is suffering from a demographic crisis. The country is considered to still be suffering from the massive loss in population during the Great Patriotic War. In addition to this, many Russians fell into poverty during the capitalist counter-revolution of Gorbachev and Yeltsin, causing the birth rate to fall. All this means the Russian population has been in decline for many years, with the remaining population aging rapidly. Mass emigration from Russia since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine is expected to exacerbate the demographic problem.{{Citation needed}}

==Culture==

== See also ==

* [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]
* [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]
* [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]]

== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:European countries]]
[[Category:Asian countries]]
[[Category:Outline needs additional content]]
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