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'''Social-imperialism''' is a term commonly used by [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-leftists]] to suggest that [[Actually existing socialism|socialist states]], such as the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] after [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and the [[People's Republic of China]] after [[Mao Zedong]], had ceased to be socialist and instead became [[Fascism|fascist]] and [[Imperialism|imperialist]].  
'''Social-imperialism''' is an [[idealist]] term commonly used by [[Ultra-leftist|ultra-leftists]], such as [[Maoism|Maoists]] and [[Anti-revisionism|"anti-revisionists"]], to explain their belief that [[Actually existing socialism|socialist states]] like the Soviet Union and post-Mao China had become [[Imperialism|imperialist]].  


== History ==
== History ==
As a term, "social-imperialism" originated in a 1916 quote by [[Vladimir Lenin]] where he describes the [[liberal]] [[Social democracy|social-democratic]] [[SPD]] as "socialist in name, imperialist in deeds".<ref>
The term originated in a one-off quote by [[Vladimir Lenin]], where he describes the [[liberal]] [[Social democracy|social democractic]] [[SPD]] as "socialist in name, imperialist in deeds"<ref>
{{Citation
{{Citation
| author = V.I. Lenin
| author = V.I. Lenin
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| quote = “Social-Democratic” Party of Germany are justly called “social-imperialists,” that is, socialists in words and imperialists in deeds;
| quote = “Social-Democratic” Party of Germany are justly called “social-imperialists,” that is, socialists in words and imperialists in deeds;
}}
}}
</ref> In this context, the term is similar to "social chauvinism"; notably, the suggestion was not that such organizations were formerly socialist and had turned imperialist, but rather that they ''were'' imperialist organizations under a veneer of fake socialist phraseology.  
</ref>; afterward, the term was not used again until it was reintroduced by [[Mao]] after the [[Sino-Soviet split]], used to describe the post-Stalin USSR as a "Hitlerite imperialist state". It saw further use by [[Enver Hoxha]], for example in his treatise "Imperialism and the Revolution"; notably, neither Mao nor Hoxha ever explained what the material basis of a "social-imperialist" state would be, and what the social formation of such a state looked like.  


Afterward, the term was not used again in any notable Marxist texts or analyses until it was reintroduced by Mao in 1964, after the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when he described the [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]]-era Soviet Union as "a [[National Socialism|Hitlerite]] imperialist state".<ref>https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1964/phnycom.htm</ref> The term subsequently saw further use in [[Enver Hoxha]]'s treatise "Imperialism and the Revolution".<ref>https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch4.htm</ref>
== Criticism ==
 
Imperialism, as the highest stage of capitalism, would require there to be sufficiently developed capitalist monopolies. It is left unexplained by proponents of the theory of "social-imperialism" how exactly it is possible for a socialist state to become capitalist without an outright [[Counterrevolution|counter-revolution]]; in this sense, the theory of "social-imperialism" is a [[reformist]] and [[revisionist]] idea that suggests it is not necessary for the [[Class society|class character]] of a state to change for it to shift between capitalism and socialism.
Notably, neither Mao nor Hoxha ever explained what the material basis of a "social-imperialist" state would be, and what the [[social formation]] of such a state looked like. [[Marxism-Leninism]] traditionally holds that the class character of a state changes only through [[Counterrevolution|(counter)]][[revolution]], and not through [[reform]] alone; with this in mind, it is generally accepted by Marxist-Leninists today that the theory of "social-imperialism" lacks a material explanation, and may in fact constitute a [[Left communism|left deviation]].  


== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Hoxhaism]]
[[Category:Anti-revisionism]]
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