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| |1.7 | | |1.7 |
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| ! colspan="3" |'''Source:''' ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania''<ref name=":1" />
| | | colspan="3" |Source: Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania<ref name=":1" /> |
| |} | | |} |
| {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" | | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
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| |504 | | |504 |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="5" |'''Source:''' ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania''<ref name=":1" />
| | | colspan="5" |Source: Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania<ref name=":1" /> |
| |}
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| === Agriculture ===
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| ==== Land use and crops ====
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| In 1974, the entire socialist sector accounted for 95.3% of arable land, 92.8% of pastures, 57% of hayfields, 96.7% of vineyards, 78.9% of orchards. In the socialist sector of state agriculture, enterprises owned 4.5 million hectares of agricultural land, including 2.1 million hectares for 370 state farms (with 245,000 employees); There were 4420 agricultural production cooperatives (encompassing 3.4 million families) which accounted for 9 million hectares'','' consisting of over 8 million hectares of socialized land and about 1 million hectares of personal plots of agricultural members.<ref name=":1" />
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| There were specialized livestock farms. Agriculture is served by 743 stations for agricultural mechanization (with 119,000 employees); 116,800 tractors are working; 28,000 grain harvesters, 3,500 corn harvesters, 12,200 self-propelled combine harvesters (1974). The use of mineral fertilizers increased from 74,500 tons in 1960 to 814,000 tons in 1974.<ref name=":1" />
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| Land allocated for agriculture covered 14.9 million hectares, or 62.9% of the country's territory. Cultivated lands: 9.7 million hectares of arable land and 770,000 hectares of perennial plantings - vineyards and orchards. There were 1.4 million hectares of natural meadows, 3 million hectares of pastures. <ref name=":1" />
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| The gross agricultural output was dominated by crop production, the share of which gradually decreased (59% in 1973 versus 65% in 1960), and the role of livestock farming increased. In the structure of crops (in 1973) grains and legumes accounted for 62.1%, fodder - 18.4%, technical - 12.7%, potatoes - 3.0%, open ground vegetables - 2.5%. The main grain crops were corn and wheat, industrial crops were sunflower and sugar beets.<ref name=":1" />
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| Oats were also sown, as well as rice. On the Transylvanian Plateau, fibrous plants were common - hemp, fiber flax; to the South and North-East: tobacco, curly flax, essential oils. Between 1938 and 1974, the composition of fruit trees changed: the share of plums in the harvest increased sharply (from 20% to 50%), the share of apples (from 41% to 23%) and other fruits decreased. Over three-fifths of fruit-yielding farms, and one third of vineyards were owned by homestead and individual farms.<ref name=":1" />
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| {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
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| |+Cultivated area and harvests (1938–1974)
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| ! rowspan="2" |Crop
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| ! colspan="4" |Area (thousands of hectares)
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| ! colspan="4" |Harvest (thousands of tons)
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| |-
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| !1938
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| !1960
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| !1965
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| !1974
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| !1938
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| !1960
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| !1965
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| !1974
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| |-
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| |Wheat and rye
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| |3024
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| |2935
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| |3086
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| |2429
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| |3961
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| |3553
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| |6062
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| |5049
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| |-
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| |Corn
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| |3878
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| |3572
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| |3306
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| |2944
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| |4092
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| |5531
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| |5877
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| |7440
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| |-
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| |Barley
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| |692
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| |266
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| |233
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| |403
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| |502
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| |405
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| |485
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| |917
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| |-
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| |Sugar beets (factory)
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| |33
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| |200
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| |190
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| |219
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| |485
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| |3127
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| |3013
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| |4947
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| |-
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| |Sunflower
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| |67
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| |480
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| |462
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| |509
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| |58
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| |522
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| |564
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| |681
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| |-
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| |Potato
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| |135
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| |292
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| |298
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| |295
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| |1331
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| |3009
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| |2195
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| |4119
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| |-
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| |Vegetables (open ground)
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| |78
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| |191
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| |181
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| |230
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| |451
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| |1831
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| |1655
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| |2955
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| |- | |
| |Tobacco
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| |11
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| |22
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| |38
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| |53
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| |9
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| |16
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| |35
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| |39
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| |-
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| |Flax
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| |14
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| |23.5
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| |23
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| |51
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| |13
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| |42
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| |53
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| |101
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| |-
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| ! colspan="9" |'''Source:''' ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania''<ref name=":1" />
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| |}
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| ==== Animal husbandry ====
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| For traditional industries - sheep breeding and beef cattle breeding - the summer mountain pastures of the Carpathian Mountains serve as the food supply. Livestock productivity (1974): average milk yield per 1 forage cow - 1606 litres, wool clipped from 1 sheep - 2.2 kg''.''<ref name=":1" />
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| {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
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| |+Livestock and poultry (in millions)
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| !Animal
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| !1938
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| !1960
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| !1975
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| |-
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| |Cattle
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| |3.7
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| |4.5
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| |6.0
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| |-
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| |Buffalo
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| |1.8
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| |2.2
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| |3.0
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| |-
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| |Pigs
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| |2.8
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| |4.3
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| |8.6
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| |-
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| |Horses
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| |1.6
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| |1.0
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| |0.6
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| |-
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| |Sheep and goats
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| |10.5
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| |11.9
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| |14.4
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| |-
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| |Poultry
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| |27.3
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| |38.0
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| |67.7
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| |-
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| ! colspan="4" |'''Source:''' ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania''<ref name=":1" />
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
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| |+Livestock and poultry products (thousands of tons)
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| !Animal
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| !1938
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| !1960
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| !1975
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| |-
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| |Meat
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| |760
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| |943
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| |1977
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| |-
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| |Milk
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| |2158
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| |3242
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| |4348
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| |-
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| |Wool
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| |15.1
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| |21.9
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| |31.0
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| |-
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| |Oil
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| |–
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| |12.6
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| |30.3
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| |-
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| |Eggs
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| (in millions)
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| |1354
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| |2355
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| |4871
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| |-
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| ! colspan="4" |'''Source:''' ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia - Romania''<ref name=":1" />
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| |} | | |} |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| [[Category:Former socialist states]] | | [[Category:Former socialist states]] |