| Latest revision |
Your text |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[File:Statesian civil war map.svg|thumb|328x328px|Union in blue and Confederacy in red. Light blue states had slavery but remained part of the Union.]] | | [[File:Statesian civil war map.svg|thumb|328x328px|Union in blue and Confederacy in red. Light blue states had slavery but remained part of the Union.]] |
| The '''Statesian Civil War''' was a civil war between the [[Government of the United States of America|Statesian government]] (the Union) and the [[reactionary]] secessionist [[Confederate States of America (1861–1865)|Confederate States of America]] (CSA) from 1861 to 1865. When the war began, 286 out of over 1,000 Statesian officers joined the Confederate Army.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter="Indian Country"|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=9780807000403|page=}}</ref><sup>:133</sup> | | The '''Statesian Civil War''' was a civil war between the [[Government of the United States of America|Statesian government]] (the Union) and the [[reactionary]] breakaway [[Confederate States of America (1861–1865)|Confederate States of America]] (CSA) from 1861 to 1865. After the war began, 286 out of over 1,000 Statesian officers joined the Confederate Army. Most of the Confederate officers had fought against indigenous nations in [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] wars, and the Union Army also attacked the Dakota in [[State of Minnesota|Minnesota]] and [[Navajo]] in the southwest during the war.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter="Indian Country"|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=9780807000403|page=133–138}}</ref> |
|
| |
|
| == Background == | | == Background == |
| Conflict between North and South over slavery began almost immediately after the [[Louisiana Purchase]] in 1803. The North officially abolished slavery in 1804, though using gradual emancipation laws that kept young Africans enslaved as late as the 1850s.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Nicholas Boston and Jennifer Hallam|newspaper=Thirteen PBS|title=Slavery and the Making of America|date=2004|url=https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/experience/freedom/history.html|retrieved=2023-09-04|quote=Pennsylvania passed its Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in 1780. Yet, as late as 1850, the federal census recorded that there were still hundreds of young blacks in Pennsylvania, who would remain enslaved until their 28th birthdays.}}</ref> The industrializing North had little use for slavery, which was unprofitable for manufacturing. Unending streams of European immigrants to the North (in large part sourced by enclosure acts like those in Scotland in the early 1800s)<ref>{{Citation|author=Karl Marx|year=1853|title=The Duchess of Sutherland and Slavery|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/03/12.htm|quote=As for a large number of the human beings expelled to make room for the game of the Duke of Atholl, and the sheep of the Countess of Sutherland, where did they fly to, where did they find a home? In the United States of North America.|city=New York City|publisher=New York Daily Tribune|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/03/12.htm}}</ref> provided a huge reserve army of labor cheaper than what it would cost to buy, care for, guard, and educate slaves.
| | In early 1861, several southern states of the [[United States of America|USA]] seceded to form the Confederate States of America. [[Abraham Lincoln]] succeeded James Buchanan as President of the United States in March. The CSA seized the army base at Fort Sumter, [[State of South Carolina|South Carolina]] in April 1861, beginning the war.<ref name=":0" /> |
| | |
| Even agricultural regions in the North were ill-suited to slavery, as wheat crops were seasonal and slaves would need care year round. In the North, slavery wasn't abolished on a moral level, rather it was simply less economical than "free" labor from a reserve army of labor. This meant that the economic bases of the political estates in the North and South began to considerably diverge. The conflict between these political estates is characterized by the problem of whether slavery would expand to the new territories westward.
| |
| | |
| As territories began to become states, these political estates maintained a balance with the [[Missouri Compromise]] in 1820. This legislation ruled that slavery would not spread north of the 36º 30' latitude line for the new territories and that an equal number of free and slave states would enter the union, guaranteeing an equal number of senators for the northern and southern estates.
| |
| | |
| This political balance was once again disturbed by the acquisition of new lands westward, this time annexed from Mexico as a result of the [[Mexican–Statesian War|Mexican-Statesian War]]. The new western land demanded that the question over slavery should be settled in the Kansas and Nebraska territories in preparation for the building of railroads. The political conflict resulted in the [[Kansas-Nebraska Act]] of 1854, with its infamous "popular sovereignty" provision that directly contradicted the previous Missouri Compromise. The white men living in a territory would now themselves vote on becoming slave or free states. This resulted in the [[Bleeding Kansas]] border war, with pro-slavery "border ruffians" and anti-slavery forces flooding into the Kansas and Nebraska territories to sway the vote.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=United States Senate|title=The Kansas-Nebraska Act|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Kansas_Nebraska_Act.htm|retrieved=2023-09-04}}</ref> The guerrilla warfare between these forces, culminating in [[John Brown]]'s attempt at slave revolution in [[Harper's Ferry]] in 1859, soon exploded into full-blown civil war.
| |
| | |
| In early 1861, several southern states of the [[United States of America|USA]] seceded to form the Confederate States of America. [[Abraham Lincoln]] succeeded [[James Buchanan]] as [[President of the United States]] in March. The CSA seized the army base at Fort Sumter, [[State of South Carolina|South Carolina]] in April 1861, beginning the war.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:133</sup> | |
| | |
| == Indigenous involvement ==
| |
| Most of the Confederate officers had fought against indigenous nations in [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] wars.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:133</sup> The Union also oppressed indigenous peoples and took almost 500 million acres of their land with the [[Homestead Act|Homestead]] and [[Pacific Railroad Act]]<nowiki/>s. Most of this land went to large owners and speculators instead of individual families.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:140–1</sup>
| |
| | |
| === West ===
| |
| The Dakota people of [[Minnesota]] were starving by 1862 and began a revolt against the settlers. The Union crushed them and hanged 38 in the largest mass execution in U.S. history. [[John Chivington]]'s volunteers killed 133 Cheyennes and Arapahos on the Sand Creek reservation. Colonel [[Patrick Connor]] massacred the Shoshone, Bannock, and Ute in [[Nevada]] and [[Utah]]. [[James Carleton]] fought against [[Cochise]], the leader of the [[Apache|Apaches]], in Arizona. He enlisted [[Kit Carson]], who forced 8,000 [[Navajo]] people to march 300 miles to a concentration camp in the [[New Mexico]] desert. A quarter of them starved to death.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:136–9</sup>
| |
| | |
| === Southeast ===
| |
| The southeastern natives ([[Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw]], [[Muskogee]], [[Seminole]]), who had been forced to move to Oklahoma during the 1830s, were split along class lines, with a tiny [[Slavery|slave]]-owning elite supporting the Confederacy and the majority staying neutral. [[Stand Watie]] of the Cherokee became a general in the Confederate army, but many natives also fought against the CSA.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:134–5</sup>
| |
| | |
| == Progressive role ==
| |
| The Civil War began as a war against separatism, and Lincoln did not initially want to abolish slavery. Later, when slaves and former slaves entered the Union army, they turned the war into a [[revolution]] against slavery.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Crisis of the English and American Models|page=166|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref> After many slaves had already escaped to the North, Lincoln issued the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in 1863 and allowed them to serve in the Union army.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:135–6</sup>
| |
|
| |
|
| == References == | | == References == |
| <references />
| | [[Category:Wars]] |
| [[Category:History of the USA]] | | [[Category:History]] |
| [[Category:Slavery]] | |
| [[Category:Civil wars]]
| |
