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| [[File:Declaration of Independence Painting.png|thumb|Painting of the signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|U.S. Declaration of Independence]]]]
| | The '''Statesian Revolution''' was a [[bourgeois revolution]]<ref>{{News citation|author=John Peterson|newspaper=[[In Defense of Marxism]]|title=Class Struggle and the American Revolution|date=2011-12-14|url=https://www.marxist.com/class-struggle-and-the-american-revolution.htm}}</ref> by [[North America|North American]] colonists against the [[Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)|Kingdom of Great Britain]] to establish the [[United States of America]]. It culminated in the [[Statesian Revolutionary War]] from 1775 to 1783. US founder [[John Adams]] estimated that a third of the settler population opposed the revolution, a third supported it, and another third were neutral.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Howard Zinn]]|year=1980|title=A People's History of the United States|title-url=https://www.howardzinn.org/collection/peoples-history/|chapter=A Kind of Revolution|page=80–83|pdf=https://files.libcom.org/files/A%20People's%20History%20of%20the%20Unite%20-%20Howard%20Zinn.pdf|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060194480}}</ref> |
| The '''Statesian Revolution''' was a [[bourgeois revolution]]<ref>{{News citation|author=John Peterson|newspaper=[[In Defense of Marxism]]|title=Class Struggle and the American Revolution|date=2011-12-14|url=https://www.marxist.com/class-struggle-and-the-american-revolution.htm}}</ref> by [[North America|North American]] colonists against the [[Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)|Kingdom of Great Britain]] to establish the [[United States of America]]. It culminated in the Statesian Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and the [[Continental Congress]] [[United States Declaration of Independence|declared independence]] from Britain on July 4, 1776.<ref name=":1" /> US founder and future ruler [[John Adams]] estimated that a third of the settler population opposed the revolution, a third supported it, and another third were neutral.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Howard Zinn]]|year=1980|title=A People's History of the United States|title-url=https://www.howardzinn.org/collection/peoples-history/|chapter=A Kind of Revolution|page=80–84|pdf=https://files.libcom.org/files/A%20People's%20History%20of%20the%20Unite%20-%20Howard%20Zinn.pdf|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060194480}}</ref> The revolution killed between 50,000 and 160,000 people.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=82–8|chapter=Succession}}</ref> | |
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| == Background == | | == Revolutionary War == |
| In 1763, the British monarchy banned [[Settler colonialism|settlement]] west of the Allegheny Mountains.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=What Is Liberalism?|page=17–18|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref> After the Quartering Act of 1765, 700 British soldiers began to occupy Boston in 1768. On March 5, 1770, British troops shot at protestors in the [[Boston Massacre]]. King [[George III|George]] enacted another Quartering Act in 1774, allowing colonial governors to seize people's houses to give to soldiers.<ref name=":1" />
| | The rebels lost the first battles of the Revolutionary War, including Bunker Hill, Brooklyn Heights, and Harlem Heights. The war changed course when the rebels won a battle at Saratoga, [[New York]] in 1777. [[Benjamin Franklin]] negotiated an alliance with [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]], which blockaded the British and prevented them from receiving supplies and reinforcements. The continental army defeated the British at Yorktown, [[Virginia]] in 1781.<ref name=":0" /> |
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| == War ==
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| The war began in 1775, British soldiers fought colonist militias at Lexington and Concord, killing almost 125 people.<ref name=":1" /> [[George Washington]] then authorized an invasion of [[Canada]] and occupied Montréal but failed to take Quebec City. The attempted siege collapsed on December 30, 1776. General [[Richard Montgomery]] was killed, and [[Benedict Arnold]] was wounded and later joined the British.<ref name=":12">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=95–6|chapter=Why Are So Many Places Named Fort?}}</ref>
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| The rebels lost the first battles of the Revolutionary War, including Bunker Hill, Brooklyn Heights, and Harlem Heights. The war changed course when the rebels won a battle at Saratoga, [[New York]] in 1777. [[Benjamin Franklin]] negotiated an alliance with [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]], which blockaded the British and prevented them from receiving supplies and reinforcements. The Continental Army defeated the British at Yorktown, [[Virginia]] in 1781. | |
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| British commander John Murray of Dunmore offered to free [[Slavery|slaves]] in Virginia who joined the British forces.<ref name=":0" /> The British formed alliances with the [[Cherokee]] and [[Shawnee]] nations, and the [[Haudenosaunee Confederacy|Iroquois Confederacy]] split with the Mohawks and Senecas siding with the British, the Cayuga, Onondaga, and Tuscarora staying neutral, and the [[Christianity|Christian]] Oneidas siding with the rebels.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]|year=2014|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States|chapter=Bloody Footprints|page=72–78|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf|city=Boston|publisher=Beacon Press Books|series=ReVisioning American History|title-url=}}</ref>
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| === Mutinies ===
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| On January 1, 1781, troops from [[Pennsylvania]] near Morristown, [[New Jersey]], killed their captain and began marching toward the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. George Washington told General Anthony Wayne not to use force and negotiated a peace in which half of the mutineers were discharged and the other half were given paid leave. Soon after, another mutiny of 200 men began in the New Jersey Line. This mutiny was quickly defeated and two of its leaders were executed.<ref name=":0" />
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| == Results ==
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| Each of the U.S. states created new constitutions between 1776 and 1780. Some states reduced property requirements for voting and holding office, but [[Massachusetts]] increased them. After the British were defeated, a new colonial elite replaced the wealthy British loyalists.<ref name=":0" /> After the Treaty of Paris, British troops continued to occupy 13 forts south of the [[Canada|Canadian]] border.<ref name=":1" />
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| == References == | | == References == |
| [[Category:Revolutions]] | | [[Category:Revolutions]] |
| <references />
| | [[Category:History]] |
| [[Category:History of the USA]] | | [[Category:United States of America]] |
