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| [[File:Flag of the UN.svg|right|frameless|185x185px]] | | [[File:Flag of the UN.png|right|frameless|185x185px]] |
| The '''United Nations''' ('''UN''') is an international organization founded in 1945 as a successor to the [[League of Nations]]. Currently made up of 193 member states, the UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding charter.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=United Nations|title=About Us|url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530132826/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/|archive-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> Despite its claim to work for peace, one of its first actions was to [[Korean War|declare war]] on [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Korea]] to install a [[Syngman Rhee|dictatorship]] over the [[Republic of Korea|south]]. Its initial years were spent as a mouthpiece of the [[United States of America]] and its allies until the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] began to participate in the UN. Despite it being seen as problematic by many, it has so far has not witnessed another World War, whether due to its presence or not. | | The '''United Nations''' ('''UN''') is an international organization founded in 1945 as a successor to the [[League of Nations]]. Currently made up of 193 member states, the UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding charter.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=United Nations|title=About Us|url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530132826/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/|archive-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> Despite its claim to work for peace, one of its first actions was to [[Korean War|declare war]] on [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Korea]] to install a [[Syngman Rhee|dictatorship]] over the [[Republic of Korea|south]]. Its initial years were spent as a mouthpiece of the [[United States of America]] and its allies until the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] began to participate in the UN. Despite it being seen as problematic by many, it has so far has not witnessed another World War, whether due to its presence or not. |
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| === Gulf War === | | === Gulf War === |
| During the [[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|reactionary coup in the Soviet Union]], which later resulted in the creation of the [[Russian Federation]], the imperialist countries leaped on the opportunity to use the UN to give legitimacy to their [[Gulf War|invasion of Iraq]] in 1990. The UNSC gave permission for the United States and its allies to use force for the second time in the UN's history. | | During the reactionary coup in the Soviet Union, which later resulted in the creation of the [[Russian Federation]], the imperialist countries leaped on the opportunity to use the UN to give legitimacy to their [[Gulf War|invasion of Iraq]] in 1990. The UNSC gave permission for the United States and its allies to use force for the second time in the UN's history. |
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| == Major resolutions == | | == General Assembly Resolutions 3379 & 46/86 == |
| | United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on 10 November 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), "determine[d] that [[Zionism]] is a form of racism and racial discrimination". |
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| === Zionism ===
| | United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86, adopted on 16 December 1991, revoked the determination in Resolution 3379. |
| United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on 10 November 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), "determine[d] that [[Zionism]] is a form of racism and racial discrimination".<ref>{{Web citation|author=United Nations General Assembly|title=Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination|date=1975-11-10|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/650324?ln=en|retrieved=2023-10-08}}</ref>
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| Resolution 35/35, adopted on 14 November 1980, said that armed struggle against [[colonialism]] is legitimate and that, "the activities of Israel, in particular the denial to the Palestinian people of their right to self-determination and independence, constitute a serious and increasing threat to international peace and security."<ref>{{Web citation|author=United Nations General Assembly|title=Right of peoples to self-determination|date=1980-11-14|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-187436/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527211641/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-187436/|archive-date=2022-05-27}}</ref>
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| United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86, adopted on 16 December 1991, revoked the determination in Resolution 3379.<ref>{{Web citation|author=United Nations General Assembly|title=Racism and racial discrimination/Revocation of resolution 3379 (“Zionism as racism”)|date=1991-12-16|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-180327/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216202741/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-180327/|archive-date=2023-02-16}}</ref> | |
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| == United Nations organs == | | == United Nations organs == |
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| === Security Council === | | === Security Council === |
| The Security Council (UNSC) has five permanent members: [[China]], [[France]], [[Russia]], the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], and the [[United States of America]]. While China, Russia, and the USA clearly represent important participants in global politics, France and the UK's presence has declined since the start of the UN. [[Muammar Gaddafi|Qaddafi]], [[Kofi Annan]], [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]], and others have criticized the UNSC for not including more important countries such as [[Republic of India|India]] and [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazil]]. Two of the permanent members of the Security Council, Britain and France, are minor powers with populations of less than 70 million each. The most important European country in economic terms is [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]], which is not on the UNSC.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|newspaper=[[The Tricontinental]]|title=Shouldn’t the United Kingdom and France Relinquish Their Permanent Seats at the United Nations?: The Thirty-Ninth Newsletter|date=2023-09-28|url=https://thetricontinental.org/newsletterissue/unsc-permanent-membership/|retrieved=2023-10-01}}</ref> | | The security council (UNSC) has 5 permanent members: [[China]], [[France]], [[Russia]], the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]], and the [[United States of America]]. While China, the UK, and the USA clearly represent important participants in global politics, France and the UK's presence has declined since the start of the UN. Many people, including [[Muammar Gaddafi|Qaddafi]], [[Kofi Annan]], and [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]], have criticized the UNSC for not including more important countries such as [[Republic of India|India]] and [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazil]]. |
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| In 1965, the UN increased the number of temporary members in the security council to ten: five from [[Africa]] and [[Asia]], two from [[Latin America]], one from [[Eastern Europe]], and two from Western Europe. However, these non-permanent members have no veto power.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Belgrade|page=103|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
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| In 2005, Kofi Annan proposed expanding the Security Council to 25 members, including six permanent members: two from Africa, two from Asia and the [[Oceania|Pacific]], one from Europe, and one from America.<ref name=":0" />
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| === Economic and Social Council === | | === Economic and Social Council === |
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| === Trusteeship Council === | | === Trusteeship Council === |
| The Trusteeship Council was assigned the task of supervising the administration of "trust territories" (colonies) placed under the International Trusteeship System. It served as the continuation of the mandate system of the League of Nations which had been established to manage colonies of defeated states following the [[First World War]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/trusteeship-council "Trusteeship Council."] United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240516150040/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/trusteeship-council Archived] 2024-05-16.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-12 "United Nations Charter, Chapter XII: International Trusteeship System."] UN Charter, United Nations.</ref> The trust territories are distinct from a different UN categorization called Non-Self-Governing Territories.<ref>[https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/history/former-trust-and-nsgts "List of Former Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories."] United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531101941/https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/history/former-trust-and-nsgts Archived] 2024-05-31.</ref>
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| The Trusteeship Council encompassed territories held under mandate, territories "detached from enemy states as a result of the [[Second World War]]", and territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration. As stated in the UN charter, among the aims of the Trusteeship Council was to promote "progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned".<ref name=":2" />
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| The Trusteeship Council suspended its operations in 1994 after [[Republic of Palau|Palau]], the last remaining UN trust territory,<ref name=":1" /> entered a "[[Compact of Free Association]]" with the USA.<ref>[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12194 "The Compacts of Free Association."] Congressional Research Service, 2024-04-25. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531100833/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12194 Archived] 2024-05-31.</ref>
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| === International Court of Justice === | | === International Court of Justice === |
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| === Secretariat === | | === Secretariat === |
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| == External links ==
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| * [https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&cc=Voting+Data&_gl=1*d2si2j*_ga*NDIxMTA2ODYyLjE2ODg3NDMzNzU.*_ga_TK9BQL5X7Z*MTY5Njc2NjQ2NS4zLjAuMTY5Njc2NjQ2NS4wLjAuMA.. UN voting records]
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations]] | | [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations]] |
