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=== Zanzibar Revolution (1964) === | === Zanzibar Revolution (1964) === | ||
The Sultanate of Zanzibar formally attained independence from Britain on December 10, 1963. A month later, on 12 January 1964, a revolution began which led to the overthrow of the sultan. It was described by one historian as a revolution which "replaced a conservative Arab-dominated regime with one that espoused the principles of African nationalism and radical socialism and that developed close ties with communist bloc countries."<ref>{{Citation|author=Ian Speller|year=2007|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964|pdf=https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi277/programme/t1w7/hi277_week_7_zanzibar_speller_.pdf|publisher=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|doi=10.1080/03086530701337666}}</ref> | The Sultanate of Zanzibar formally attained independence from Britain on December 10, 1963. A month later, on 12 January 1964, a revolution began which led to the overthrow of the sultan. It was described by one historian as a revolution which "replaced a conservative Arab-dominated regime with one that espoused the principles of African nationalism and radical socialism and that developed close ties with communist bloc countries."<ref>{{Citation|author=Ian Speller|year=2007|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964|pdf=https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi277/programme/t1w7/hi277_week_7_zanzibar_speller_.pdf|publisher=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|doi=10.1080/03086530701337666}}</ref> | ||
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In 1965, Tanzania formally became a one-party state.<ref name=":5" /> | In 1965, Tanzania formally became a one-party state.<ref name=":5" /> | ||
From 1965 to 1968, Tanzania broke off diplomatic relations with Britain due to their policy on [[Rhodesia|Rhodesia's]] (now [[Republic of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]) "unilateral declaration of independence" | From 1965 to 1968, Tanzania broke off diplomatic relations with Britain due to their policy on [[Rhodesia|Rhodesia's]] (now [[Republic of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]) "unilateral declaration of independence" under white settler minority rule.<ref name=":9" /> | ||
==== Arusha Declaration (1967) ==== | ==== Arusha Declaration (1967) ==== | ||
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[[Issa G. Shivji]], another individual who had published in ''Cheche'' at the time, remarked in a 2021 interview regarding the debates, which at times were highly critical of the methods in the path to socialist construction being taken in Tanzania, that "we had some very great debates in Tanzania [...] Mwalimu did not like us but he tolerated us. He tolerated and sometimes even came to the campus to debate with us [...] there was a kind of love and hate relationship between the radical students on campus and Mwalimu Nyerere."<ref name=":12" /> After the third issue of ''Cheche'' was published, the publication was banned and USARF deregistered, and the students re-named their journal ''[[MajiMaji]]'' and many of the former USARF leadership went into the TANU Youth League and continued their activities.<ref name=":15" /> | [[Issa G. Shivji]], another individual who had published in ''Cheche'' at the time, remarked in a 2021 interview regarding the debates, which at times were highly critical of the methods in the path to socialist construction being taken in Tanzania, that "we had some very great debates in Tanzania [...] Mwalimu did not like us but he tolerated us. He tolerated and sometimes even came to the campus to debate with us [...] there was a kind of love and hate relationship between the radical students on campus and Mwalimu Nyerere."<ref name=":12" /> After the third issue of ''Cheche'' was published, the publication was banned and USARF deregistered, and the students re-named their journal ''[[MajiMaji]]'' and many of the former USARF leadership went into the TANU Youth League and continued their activities.<ref name=":15" /> | ||
==== Sixth Pan-African Congress (1974) ==== | ==== Sixth Pan-African Congress (1974) ==== |