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The '''Yugoslav Wars''' were a series of [[Imperialism|imperialist]] wars of secession between 1991 and 2001 that destroyed [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|Yugoslavia]]. | The '''Yugoslav Wars''' were a series of [[Imperialism|imperialist]] wars of secession between 1991 and 2001 that destroyed [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|Yugoslavia]]. | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
The [[United States of America|USA]] forced Yugoslavia to hold elections in each republic in 1990 without holding federal elections. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and its front groups, including the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]], funded candidates that took power in all republics except [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006)|Serbia and Montenegro]]. The USA passed the Foreign Appropriations Act in 1991, sending weapons and military advisors into secessionist republics from [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] and [[Republic of Austria|Austria]]. The [[European Economic Community|EEC]] (future [[European Union|EU]]) organized a conference on Yugoslavia in | The [[United States of America|USA]] forced Yugoslavia to hold elections in each republic in 1990 without holding federal elections. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and its front groups, including the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]], funded candidates that took power in all republics except [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006)|Serbia and Montenegro]]. The USA passed the Foreign Appropriations Act in 1991, sending weapons and military advisors into secessionist republics from [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] and [[Republic of Austria|Austria]]. The [[European Economic Community|EEC]] (future [[European Union|EU]]) organized a conference on Yugoslavia in 1991while excluding the Yugoslav government and called for creating independent republics.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=Divide and Conquer|page=|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref><sup>:26–27</sup> | ||
== Slovenia == | == Slovenia == | ||
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In [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], fighting broke out between Serbs, [[Islam|Muslims]], and Croats. No group made up a majority, but the Muslims were the biggest, making up 41% of the population, and their army was trained by the CIA.<ref name=":0" /> In 1990, Islamic fundamentalist [[Alija Izetbegović]] became president even though he lost the election. [[Fikret Abdić]], the rightful winner, formed the [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia]] and fought against Izetbegović. Abdić was able to retake some territory after a Bosnian invasion but eventually had to flee from NATO bombing.<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=Bosnia: New Colonies|page=50–52|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | In [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], fighting broke out between Serbs, [[Islam|Muslims]], and Croats. No group made up a majority, but the Muslims were the biggest, making up 41% of the population, and their army was trained by the CIA.<ref name=":0" /> In 1990, Islamic fundamentalist [[Alija Izetbegović]] became president even though he lost the election. [[Fikret Abdić]], the rightful winner, formed the [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia]] and fought against Izetbegović. Abdić was able to retake some territory after a Bosnian invasion but eventually had to flee from NATO bombing.<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=Bosnia: New Colonies|page=50–52|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | ||
In November 1995, the West partitioned Bosnia into the [[Bosnian Federation]] of Muslims and Croats and [[Republika Srpska]] for the Serbs. Croatia also attacked Bosnia and tried to create a | In November 1995, the West partitioned Bosnia into the [[Bosnian Federation]] of Muslims and Croats and [[Republika Srpska]] for the Serbs. Croatia also attacked Bosnia and tried to create a Serb-only state called Herzeg-Bosnia.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:30–32</sup> | ||
== Macedonia == | == Macedonia == | ||
In | In 1992, [[Republic of North Macedonia|Macedonia]] seceded from Yugoslavia and came under U.S. occupation.<ref name=":0" /><sup>:30</sup> | ||
== Serbia == | == Serbia == | ||
=== Kosovo === | === Kosovo === | ||
The [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] began its terrorist attacks in 1996 and sought to create a "Greater [[Republic of Albania|Albania]]" that included parts of Greece, [[Republic of North Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], and [[Republic of Serbia|Serbia]]. By 1998, it was receiving funding from the CIA and [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]]. In the summer of 1998, Yugoslav police and security forces moved to the countryside and began fighting the KLA. Between 800 and 2,000 people died on both sides, mainly in KLA areas. The KLA violated ceasefires multiple times.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=On to Kosovo|page=98–103|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | The [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] began its terrorist attacks in 1996 and sought to create a "Greater [[Republic of Albania|Albania]]" that included parts of [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]], [[Republic of North Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], and [[Republic of Serbia|Serbia]]. By 1998, it was receiving funding from the CIA and [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]]. In the summer of 1998, Yugoslav police and security forces moved to the countryside and began fighting the KLA. Between 800 and 2,000 people died on both sides, mainly in KLA areas. The KLA violated ceasefires multiple times.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=On to Kosovo|page=98–103|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | ||
In February 1999, while meeting with US officials in Rambouillet, [[French Republic|France]], Yugoslavia proposed a peace agreement for [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija|Kosovo]]. The proposal included human rights for all citizens, promotion of cultural and linguistic diversity for all nationalities, freedom of media, the return of all displaced citizens to their homes, and a proportional legislature with extra seats for various nationalities. The US rejected this proposal and instead created a plan with complete autonomy for Kosovo and its occupation by NATO troops. The US plan required Yugoslavia to continue giving aid to Kosovo and did not guarantee assistance for Serbian refugees or an end to [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]].<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=The Rambouillet Ambush|page=108–114|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | In February 1999, while meeting with US officials in Rambouillet, [[French Republic|France]], Yugoslavia proposed a peace agreement for [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija|Kosovo]]. The proposal included human rights for all citizens, promotion of cultural and linguistic diversity for all nationalities, freedom of media, the return of all displaced citizens to their homes, and a proportional legislature with extra seats for various nationalities. The US rejected this proposal and instead created a plan with complete autonomy for Kosovo and its occupation by NATO troops. The US plan required Yugoslavia to continue giving aid to Kosovo and did not guarantee assistance for Serbian refugees or an end to [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]].<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=The Rambouillet Ambush|page=108–114|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> | ||
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At Rambouillet, Yugoslavia agreed to give up control of Kosovo but wanted to change the agreement to keep the FRY's control of its economic and foreign policy and prevent NATO from occupying Kosovo. NATO also proposed another protocol that would give it unlimited access to the FRY's territory, infrastructure, and communication systems. When Yugoslavia refused to become a [[Neocolonialism|colony]], NATO bombed it from 24 March to 10 June 1999.<ref name=":022" /> | At Rambouillet, Yugoslavia agreed to give up control of Kosovo but wanted to change the agreement to keep the FRY's control of its economic and foreign policy and prevent NATO from occupying Kosovo. NATO also proposed another protocol that would give it unlimited access to the FRY's territory, infrastructure, and communication systems. When Yugoslavia refused to become a [[Neocolonialism|colony]], NATO bombed it from 24 March to 10 June 1999.<ref name=":022" /> | ||
The [[United Nations]] never approved the bombing, which violated NATO's own charter and the [[Constitution of the United States|constitutions of the United States]] and [[Canada]]. No NATO pilots died in the bombing, but they killed 2,000 civilians<ref name=":023" /> (including over 300 Albanians, whom they claimed to be protecting)<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=The Genocide Hype Continues|page=131|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> and wounded 6,000.<ref name=":023">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=NATO's War Crimes|page=115–126|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> The bombing drove tens of thousands of Albanians and at least 70,000 Serbs from their homes.<ref name=":0222" /> | The [[United Nations]] never approved the bombing, which violated NATO's own charter and the [[Constitution of the United States|constitutions of the United States]] and [[Canada]]. No NATO pilots died in the bombing, but they killed 2,000 civilians<ref name=":023" /> (including over 300 Albanians, whom they claimed to be protecting)<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=The Genocide Hype Continues|page=131|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref> and wounded 6,000.<ref name=":023">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=NATO's War Crimes|page=115–126|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref>The bombing drove tens of thousands of Albanians and at least 70,000 Serbs from their homes.<ref name=":0222" /> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Wars]] | |||
[[Category: | |||