Editing Zhou Enlai

{{Infobox politician|name=Zhou Enlai|native_name=周恩来|birth_date=March 5, 1898|birth_place=Huai'an, Jiangsu, [[Qing dynasty|China]]|death_date=January 8, 1976|death_place=Beijing, [[China]]|death_cause=Bladder cancer|nationality=Chinese|political_orientation=[[Marxism-Leninism]]</br>[[Mao Zedong Thought]]|political_party=[[Communist Party of China]]|image=Zhou Enlai official portrait.png}}
'''Zhou Enlai ('''March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), also known as '''Xiangyu''', '''Feifei''', '''Wuhao''', '''Shaoshan''', '''Guansheng''', etc.<ref name=":0">[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/8e41BlZ8y6oCDor5YRlzTVhkPvfefUjWKgnrVqSHW1a14E2lQnCTgEMcJu-ePmcloayMqD96R1uYcKwqdrTKV9ZnC6rlOEYnTca7Iihs7ZnWMoJs_jz5 Chronology of Zhou Enlai's life] - People's Daily Online </ref><ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/c097UrSZdESrz8ebU70fwA_eR3DtelZHyCNJQrbGAw7uprj69UVPJOEQyOVIVoggQ_VUdRoA7VGM9E81QNXtBhhf3cCm1aVi3GVQa98trnRAHtgoIBFBQh8 The names and aliases of Zhou Enlai] - CPC Central Committee Party History and Literature Research Institute</ref> was a Chinese communist. Born in Huaian, Jiangsu on March 5, 1898, he joined the Communist Party of China in 1921. He was a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionist, statesman, military strategist, and diplomat, one of the main leaders of the party and the country, one of the main founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and a member of the People's Republic of China. The founding father is an important member of the party's first generation of central leadership with Comrade [[Mao Zedong]] as the core.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/e13fsPONMeM5pDZkKIdJJLQ6FkWH7mMUN84kf8mpUukq7nakGUYPTlbZeTLUJ4tpQG1ad5AvoiE-0XWxzQLZAT0qNGfgG6phvfKy5bCj0Q Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall] - People's Daily Online </ref>

He died in Beijing on January 8, 1976. His death was widely mourned. Because of his consistent hard work, strict self-discipline, and caring for the masses, he is known as "the people's good prime minister". His major works are included in [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/zhou-enlai/index.htm Selected Works of Zhou Enlai.]

== Biography ==

==== Political beginnings (1917–1920) ====
Zhou Enlai, after graduating from Tianjin Nankai School in 1917, went to [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] to study and began to come into contact with [[Marxism]].

He returned to [[Republic of China|China]] in 1919 and entered Nankai University in September. He became the leader of the Tianjin student circle during the May 4th Movement and organized the progressive group Awakening Society together with other activists in the movement.

In January 1920, he was arrested while leading the Tianjin Student Patriotic Movement. Preaching Marxism in prison. Released from prison in July. In November, he went to [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]] for a work-study program.{{Citation needed}}

==== Party Work in Europe (1921–1923) ====
In 1921, Zhou joined the Paris Communist Group, one of the eight founding groups of the Communist Party of China, established his belief in communism and became one of the founders of the Communist Party of China.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/4c7e3cfiHPmr0fZorN8yyDP8TyjpS8tkq2BMpz48lOPdcRZ4zEfpbJqFJx2gIG1iIDw4gewPPoxX3Ek9Is-_ifC8k5qHzmhNGqeSTOmiA_Lps_q4oCpa71uq Chronicle of Zhou Enlai's Life (1898-1921)--Zhou Enlai Memorial Net]--People's Daily Online </ref> 

In 1922, together with Zhao Shiyan and others, he organized the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe (renamed the European Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League in the following year) and was responsible for the propaganda work. Served as the Secretary of the European Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League and the leader of the European Branch of the Chinese Communist Party.

In 1923, he was appointed by the [[Kuomintang]] headquarters as the preparator of the Paris branch of the Kuomintang, the special commissioner and acting executive minister of the Kuomintang branch in Europe, and presided over the work of the Kuomintang branch in Europe.{{Citation needed}}

==== Return to China and outbreak of the Chinese Civil War (1924–1935) ====
Zhou returned to China in the autumn of 1924. He married his wife Deng Yingchao on August 8th, 1925. During the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he served as the director of the Political Department of Guangdong Whampoa Military Academy, the director of the Political Department of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and the deputy party representative of the First Army. And participated in the battle against the warlord Chen Jiongming twice, and established an effective military political work system.

In March 1927, when the National Revolutionary Army of the Northern Expedition approached Shanghai, he led the Shanghai workers' third armed uprising and drove away the Beiyang warlord troops stationed in Shanghai. In May of the same year, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On July 12, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was reorganized, and he served as a member of the Temporary Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation broke down in an all-round way, together with He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, etc., he led an armed uprising in Nanchang, Jiangxi on August 1, and served as the secretary of the CPC Front Enemy Committee.

In 1928, at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. He later served as Minister of the Central Organization and Secretary of the Central Military Commission. In order to ensure the security of the secret work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, to connect and guide the armed struggles led by the Communist Party in various regions, and to develop the secret work in the Kuomintang ruled areas, it played an important role. During most of this period, he was actually the main host of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In December 1931, he left Shanghai for the Central Revolutionary Base, where he successively served as Secretary of the Central Bureau of the Central Soviet Area, General Political Commissar of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, General Political Commissar of the First Front Army, and Vice Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.

In the spring of 1933, he led and commanded the Red Army with [[Zhu De]] to defeat the fourth encirclement and suppression of the Central Revolutionary Base by the Kuomintang army.

He participated in the [[Long March]] in October 1934.

At the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Zunyi, Guizhou in January 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's correct proposition and played a key role in establishing the correct leadership of the new Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong. One of the main military leaders of the central government.{{Citation needed}}

==== War of Resistance against Japanese imperialism (1936–1945) ====
In December 1936, after Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the [[Xi'an Incident]] in which [[Chiang Kai-shek]] was detained by force, he served as the plenipotentiary representative of the Communist Party of China, Qin Bangxian, Ye Jianying and others to Xi'an to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, and together with Zhang and Yang forced Chiang Kai-shek to accept the "stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan" advocated, and promoted the formation of the situation of unity and resistance against Japan.

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he represented the CPC in Chongqing and other areas controlled by the Kuomintang for a long time in united front work, trying to unite all parties who advocated resistance to Japan and saving the country, and successively led the work of the Yangtze River Bureau and the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He insisted on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, actively united the democratic parties, progressive intellectuals, patriots and international friendly people, stopped the countercurrent of anti-communism, and overcome the danger of surrender to Japan.{{Citation needed}}

==== Role in the ensuing Chinese Civil War and assignment as Prime Minister (1946–1949) ====
At the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1945, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and secretary of the Central Secretariat, and formed the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China headed by Mao Zedong with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, [[Liu Shaoqi]], and Ren Bishi. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to stop the civil war, he led the CPC delegation to negotiate with the Kuomintang, and led the party's work, military work and united front work in the Kuomintang ruled area.

After 1946, he served as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and acting chief of staff, assisting Mao Zedong in organizing and directing the War of Liberation, and guiding the revolutionary movement in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai has been the prime minister of the government, and concurrently served as the foreign minister from 1949 to 1958; he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, vice chairman of the eighth and tenth Central Committee, and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission; Vice-chairman of the first session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of the second, third, and fourth sessions. It is responsible for the arduous task of handling the daily work of the party and the country.{{Citation needed}}

==== Contributions to China as Prime Minister and activity during the Great Leap Forward (1952–1966) ====
From 1949 to 1952, Zhou successfully organized and led the recovery of the national economy. By the end of 1952, the total output value of the country's industry and agriculture had reached the highest level in history.

During the "First Five-Year Plan" period from 1953 to 1957, he led industrial construction centered on 156 construction projects, laying the initial foundation for China's industrialization. In 1954, he proposed the goal of modernization of industry, agriculture, transportation and national defense, and organized the formulation of the "Scientific Development Plan from 1956 to 1967", which promoted the rapid development of the country's scientific and technological undertakings.{{Citation needed}} In 1957, he condemned Han chauvinism before the National People's Congress.<ref name=":12222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Tawang|page=171–2|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>

From 1961 to 1965, in order to correct the mistakes caused by the [[Great Leap Forward]] and reverse the economic difficulties, Zhou, Liu Shaoqi and [[Deng Xiaoping]] led the adjustment of the national economy, so that the national economy was gradually restored and developed. He emphasized that the key to building a powerful socialist country lies in the modernization of science and technology, and advocated that economic construction must be realistic, proceed from China's reality, be active, prudent, and comprehensively balanced. He paid special attention to the development of water conservancy construction and national defense science and technology, and made great contributions to this. He also paid special attention to the united front work, intellectual work, cultural work and the modernization of the people's army during the socialist period, guiding these tasks to achieve important results.

He participated in the formulation and implementation of major foreign policy decisions. When the [[Korean War]] broke out in 1950, he assisted Mao Zedong in commanding the Chinese People's Volunteers to fight, and undertook the organization of logistics support, and led the Chinese delegation's armistice negotiations.

In 1954, he led the Chinese delegation to participate in the Geneva Conference, and reached an agreement through negotiation, so that the independence of [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1975)|Vietnam]] (except the [[Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975)|South]]), [[Lao People's Democratic Republic|Laos]], and [[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)|Cambodia]] was internationally recognized. On behalf of the Chinese government, he put forward the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the criterion for state-to-state relations.

At the [[Bandung Conference]] in 1955, he advocated peaceful coexistence, opposed colonialism, advocated seeking common ground while reserving differences, and reaching consensus through consultation, so that China's independent foreign policy of peace was actively implemented. He has successively visited dozens of countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe, received a large number of leaders and friendly people from all over the world, and made important contributions to enhancing the friendship between the Chinese people and the people of the world and expanding China's international influence.{{Citation needed}} 

=== Late life and the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) ===
During the "Cultural Revolution", he was in a very difficult situation, in order to minimize the losses caused by the "Cultural Revolution", so that the party and the country can still carry out many necessary tasks, and strive to maintain the national economic construction; in order to protect a large number of leading cadres and The democrats have made unremitting efforts to restore and implement the policies of the party and the state. He fought against the [[Lin Biao]] and [[Jiang Qing]] cliques in various forms, and played an important role in controlling and stabilizing the situation in defeating the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing clique's various plots to split and seize power. He made outstanding contributions to opening up a new situation in diplomacy, realizing the détente between China and the United States, the normalization of relations between China and Japan, and the restoration of China's seat in the United Nations.

After he was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1972, he continued to work. At the first meeting of the Fourth National People's Congress in 1975, on behalf of the Communist Party of China, he re-proposed the goal of realizing the modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology in China, which inspired the people's confidence in overcoming difficulties.

He died in Beijing on January 8, 1976. His death was widely mourned. Because of his consistent hard work, strict self-discipline, and caring for the masses, he is known as "the people's good prime minister". Around the Ching Ming Festival in April 1976, a large number of party members, workers, students, cadres and even soldiers and farmers held a spontaneous rally in Tiananmen Square in Beijing to commemorate him and oppose the "Gang of Four" who were still in power at the time. The "Tiananmen Incident" developed into a nationwide protest movement against the Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary group, which laid the mass foundation for the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to crush the Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary group in October 1976.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/4438yHIFXv5bumsQyiKY_lc5uIHlDHIXHZ_rSR4n6nR-Q8apfxKCKp0mVfrUIST9Ow6xEIb1XOxLqruyy3du5vW4cpbyweUE37JktcCtaih0NFg3-JkxuefNJa8BPg Zhou Enlai (1898～1976)--Zhou Enlai Memorial Website-People's Daily Online] - People's Daily Online </ref> 

== Main contributions ==

=== Military strategy ===
During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, Comrade Zhou Enlai made immortal contributions to the Chinese Communist Party in exploring the correct path of the Chinese revolution, building the people's army, creating a revolutionary united front, and creating a new China where the people are the masters of the country. During the New Democratic Revolution, he outstandingly led the military and political work of the National Revolutionary Army , the work of the local government in Guangdong, and the Shanghai workers' armed uprising that shocked China and foreign countries. He became one of the leaders of the CPC who first realized the importance of armed struggle and engaged in military work.

He led the launch of the world-famous August 1st Nanchang Uprising, which fired the first shot against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and the People's Army led by the party was born from then on. After the Sixth National Congress of the Party, as the leader who actually presided over the work of the Party Central Committee, under extremely dangerous conditions, he wittily and bravely defended the Party's central organs, protected a large number of party leading backbones, developed the Party's secret work in the white areas, and supported workers and peasants . Armed separatism.

He actively explored the correct path of the Chinese revolution, clearly put forward the idea of "village-centerism", and made outstanding contributions to the formation of the road of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power with armed forces". In the Jiangxi Central Revolutionary Base, together with Comrade Zhu De and others, he successfully commanded the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle and created new experience in the ambush and annihilation of large corps.

During the Long March of the Red Army, at the Zunyi Conference with far-reaching historical significance, he unequivocally supported Comrade Mao Zedong’s correct proposition, played an important role in establishing Comrade Mao Zedong’s leadership in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee, and in saving the Red Army and the Party in times of crisis. effect. After the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, at the critical moment of national peril, he went to Xi'an according to the established policy of the Party Central Committee, and promoted the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident in an extremely complex and difficult environment, which led to a new situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and unity against Japan.

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he represented our party and insisted on working in the Kuomintang-ruled areas for a long time. He was responsible for negotiating with the Kuomintang authorities, extensively uniting patriots from all walks of life, upholding and developing the anti-Japanese national united front, and fighting bravely and strategically with the Kuomintang diehards. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to stop the civil war, he accompanied Comrade Mao Zedong to Chongqing to conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang, and then led our party delegation to launch a reasonable political struggle with the Kuomintang authorities. 

During the War of Liberation , he assisted Comrade Mao Zedong in strategizing. He made great achievements in promoting the formation of the second front , moving to northern Shaanxi, commanding a series of strategic decisive battles to change China's destiny, preparing for the convening of the new CPPCC, and presiding over the drafting of the "Common Program". made outstanding contributions.{{Citation needed}}

=== Domestic and foreign affairs ===
After the founding of New China, Comrade Zhou Enlai successively served as Premier of the Government Administration Council and Premier of the State Council for 26 years. In order to actively explore the road of socialist construction that suits my country's national conditions, and comprehensively organize and implement various socialist construction undertakings, he worked diligently and dedicatedly. 

Diplomacy, national defense, united front, science and technology, culture, education, news, health, sports and other fields have devoted a lot of effort and made foundational contributions. In leading the construction and development of New China, he emphasized that economic construction "occupies the primary position" in the life of the entire country. If a country cannot be completely independent economically, it cannot be completely independent politically. He emphasized the need to correctly handle various relationships so as to make overall plans, comprehensive arrangements, comprehensive balance, and coordinated development; he emphasized that "our country must not only have economic construction, but also political construction and spiritual construction." The construction of socialism must develop in an all-round way ; Emphasize that we must pay attention to environmental protection, we must not sacrifice the environment for economic development, and do not do things that are sorry for future generations. 

He attached great importance to the key role of science and technology and intellectuals in socialist construction, emphasizing that "the key to realizing modernization and building my country into a powerful socialist country lies in the modernization of science and technology" and "intellectuals are indispensable to the success of socialist construction." missing vital power".

He organized and led the "two bombs and one satellite" large-scale scientific and technological breakthroughs, which greatly improved China's comprehensive national strength and international status. He attached great importance to foreign trade and learning foreign advanced technology, emphasizing that "learning from foreign countries must be combined with originality". 

He attached great importance to the role of the united front in socialist revolution and construction, often listened to the opinions of democratic parties and patriotic people without party affiliation, and made important contributions to upholding and improving the multi -party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China . He never forgets the great cause of the reunification of the motherland, and has done a lot of basic and pioneering work to solve the issues of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. 

He effectively led the foreign affairs work of the party and the country, advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, followed the principle that all countries are equal regardless of their size, and promoted China to actively develop friendly and cooperative relations with all countries, especially developing countries, so that our friends all over the world. His broad and profound diplomatic thoughts, rich and colorful diplomatic practice, unique diplomatic art and diplomatic style have won a high reputation for the party and the country in the international community.{{Citation needed}}

=== Against the Gang of Four ===
Under the extremely complex and special circumstances of the [[Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]], Comrade Zhou Enlai endured humiliation, endured the crisis, and made unimaginable efforts to maintain the normal operation of the party and the country, to maintain the unity of the party, and to do everything possible to reduce losses.

He protected a large number of party leaders, democrats and intellectuals; he assisted Comrade Mao Zedong in smashing the conspiracy of the Lin Biao counter-revolutionary clique to seize supreme power, presided over the daily work of the central government, criticized and corrected the mistakes of the ultra-left trend of thought, and made all parties The work has turned around; according to Comrade Mao Zedong's decision-making, he actively promoted and implemented Comrade Deng Xiaoping's return and presided over the work of the Central Committee, and fully supported Comrade Deng Xiaoping's leadership in rectifying all aspects of work; he was terminally ill, but still stubbornly persisted in his work. 

Together with Comrade Li Xiannian and others, he fought resolutely against the Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary clique; he reiterated the grand goal of realizing the four modernizations at the First Session of the Fourth National People's Congress , which greatly inspired the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country.{{Citation needed}}

== Legacy ==

=== CPC's evaluation ===
Comrade Zhou Enlai's more than 50 years of revolutionary career is closely linked with the establishment, development and growth of the Communist Party of China, the victory of my country's new democratic revolution, and the historical process of my country's socialist revolution and construction. He unreservedly devoted all his energy to the party and the people until his last breath. He embodies the lofty integrity of the Chinese Communists, and stands an immortal monument in the hearts of the Chinese people. 

Comrade Zhou Enlai has always had firm beliefs and lofty ideals, which are concentrated in his spirit of infinite loyalty to the party and the people. This is the source of strength for his lifelong struggle. Comrade Zhou Enlai said: "People should have ideals. A life without ideals will become blind. " Run for him." He has always been full of confidence in the party's cause, the bright future of socialist China, and the great cause of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. 

No matter what kind of difficulties and hardships he encounters, he never wavers. He said: "Communists exist to constantly overcome difficulties and move forward. Fear of difficulties and peace is not the quality of a Communist." In the process of establishing his revolutionary ideals and beliefs, he had both a strong desire to pursue the truth and a well-thought-out Rational thinking; not only attaches importance to the study and research of scientific theories, but also pays attention to the application and development of scientific theories in practice; not only pays attention to the study of advanced Marxist theories, but also pays attention to absorbing the cultural essence of the Chinese nation.

His revolutionary ideals and beliefs are based on It is based on rational self-awareness and is therefore rock-solid. With his own practical actions, he fulfilled the oath of "fighting to the end for communism with the spirit of swearing to the death under any difficult and difficult circumstances".

The life course of Comrade Zhou Enlai's struggle for more than half a century is a vivid microcosm of the history of the Communist Party of China not forgetting its original aspiration and keeping its mission firmly in mind. It is a vivid microcosm of the history of arduous exploration, continuous development, and triumphant march on the road of revolution and construction. Comrade Zhou Enlai is a shining superstar of the Chinese nation in modern times and an immortal banner of the Chinese Communists. Comrade Zhou Enlai's lofty spirit, noble character, and great demeanor have inspired and nurtured generations of Chinese Communists. The lofty spirit of the Chinese Communists demonstrated by Comrade Zhou Enlai is both historical and contemporary, and will inspire us to forge ahead bravely on the journey of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model who never forgets his original intention and sticks to his beliefs. Comrade Zhou Enlai said when he established the communist belief: "The doctrine I believe must not change, and I am determined to promote it." He also said: "In any difficult and difficult situation, we must Fight to the end for communism with the spirit of swearing to the death.” Comrade Zhou Enlai abided by his oath all his life. No matter how weak the revolutionary force is, how cruel the white terror is, how fierce the struggle against the enemy is, how complicated the political situation is, how severe the challenges facing the cause of the party and the country are, how arduous the responsibilities are, and how difficult the personal situation is, he has always maintained firm resolve. ideals and beliefs and a strong revolutionary spirit. As he said in his self-dissection: "I have never been discouraged in my work." Comrade Zhou Enlai has always been confident in the development of the cause of the party and the people, the bright future of socialist China, and the great cause of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. In his heart, the original aspiration of the Chinese Communists and the belief in communism are as firm as a rock.

Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model of loyalty to the party and safeguarding the overall situation. Comrade Zhou Enlai has made great contributions to the party and the people, but he never cared about his personal status and gains and losses. He can correctly handle the relationship between individuals and organizations at any time, and is always absolutely loyal to the party. The party's overall political situation as its own code of conduct. Comrade Zhou Enlai always insisted on the party's absolute leadership over all work. In order to be vigilant and "opposed to treating the regions and departments under his leadership as independent kingdoms and against putting individuals above organizations", Comrade Zhou Enlai emphasized when he was the main leader of the Red Army during the war years, "The leadership role of the party must be absolutely improved. In the Red Army There can only be leadership by the party, and the party must use the principle of centralized guidance to establish authority.” When he was in charge of government work during the period of socialist construction, Comrade Zhou Enlai proposed that "the work of the party groups in various departments" must be strengthened, and the "reporting system to the Party Central Committee" must be strengthened. Comrade Zhou Enlai always consciously safeguarded the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, consciously safeguarded Comrade Mao Zedong’s leadership position, and resolutely opposed and resisted speeches and actions that were not conducive to the unity of the Party and damaged the authority of the Party Central Committee. Comrade Zhou Enlai opposed any factional thinking, small group habits, localism, hilltopism, and egoism. He never formed small cliques or cliques, and required party members and leading cadres to first pass political barriers under any conditions.

Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model who loves the people and works diligently for the people. Comrade Zhou Enlai said a very vivid saying: "When going down the mountain, don't forget the mountain, and when you go to the city, don't forget the hometown", "If you forget, you will forget the origin." What Comrade Zhou Enlai said is the people. He said: "We came from the people. Our past victories were all achieved with the support of the people. We must not forget our roots." "If we are separated from our basic class masses, we will lose the foundation of the party." As the "general servant" of the people, he insists that the interests of the people are above all else, cares about the people, maintains a high degree of love for the people, is anxious about the urgency of the people, and worries about the worries of the people. As long as it is related to the safety and well-being of the people, he is always caring and considerate, and has achieved the same joys and sorrows, fate, sorrows and joys and forge ahead with the people. Comrade Zhou Enlai attached great importance to investigation and research, and often went deep into the masses and the frontline for investigation and research. He said: "Investigation and research must seek truth from facts and not mess around." "To understand the real situation, you must treat the common people as equals." Practical actions have set a shining example for the whole party to serve the people wholeheartedly. "The people's premier loves the people, and the people's premier loves the people." The people expressed their most sincere feelings for Comrade Zhou Enlai in plain language.

Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model of self-revolution and eternal struggle. Comrade Zhou Enlai has held important leadership positions of the party and the country for a long time, but he has always been modest, modest and prudent, neither arrogant nor impetuous. The motto he set for himself is "live, learn, and reform". Comrade Zhou Enlai regarded thought remolding as air, and it must be there. He often said: "Every party member should have such an understanding from the moment he joins the Communist Party: Prepare to reform his mind until he grows old." A good Communist Party member." "Leadership prestige is not improved by covering up mistakes but by correcting them; it is not cultivated by boasting but by working hard." Facing different tasks and requirements of the times, Comrade Zhou Enlai always met new challenges with the spirit of self-revolution, participated in leading and promoting the great social revolution carried out by the Communist Party of China, and made himself always advance together with the cause of the party and the people. Throughout his life, Comrade Zhou Enlai practiced these vows of self-revolution and eternal struggle with his own practical actions.

Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model who has the courage to take responsibility and devote himself wholeheartedly. Comrade Zhou Enlai shouldered heavy responsibilities bravely throughout his life, bravely shouldered heavy responsibilities, worked hard and worked hard. He said: "For the happiness of our children and grandchildren, we have to take on many difficulties for the time being." "It is not the quality of a communist to be afraid of difficulties." , sometimes over 16 hours. During the "Cultural Revolution" period, it was even more difficult, day and night, and sometimes only two or three hours of rest a day, even after serious illness. Comrade Zhou Enlai said: "Since I have been pushed onto the stage of history, I have to complete the historical task." For decades, even at the end of his life, he was sick and worked on state affairs, worrying about the people. He said, I am not afraid of death. The ancients said that it is rare for people to live to be seventy. I am already over seventy-seven years old, which can be considered a long life. But in the past 20 years or so, the country should be built better and the people's lives should be improved. Only when I report to [[Karl Marx|Marx]] can I feel at ease. Going to report in this situation now makes me feel guilty and ashamed. Comrade Zhou Enlai truly dedicated himself to death.{{Citation needed}}

=== Hu Jintao's view ===
<blockquote>

Comrade Zhou Enlai participated in and led various major tasks of the party during the period of revolution and construction, and devoted a lot of effort to every major victory of the party. In long-term practice, he paid attention to combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific reality of our country, conscientiously summed up the positive and negative experience of revolution and construction, conducted in-depth theoretical thinking, and profoundly explained the party's theory, line, principles and policies. Theoretical achievements have been made in the fields of military affairs, diplomacy, united front, culture and education, and party building, which have made important contributions to the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought , and also provided a basis for the CPC to form a theoretical system of [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics|Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] during the period of reform and opening up. <ref name=":1">Speech by Hu Jintao at the Symposium Commemorating the 110th Anniversary of Zhou Enlai's Birth - [https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/1e77Ds709rP0H_F-JuspzRkuJWp-wjZkILf2V9Z41Ii5HOBly482wMjS-9bw9OOKdsR7cNdVZu0wyhNSkj0_MyMVJbP_wZEo00ef2_crHt_Eq2dAKOK8DA China government.com]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>

Comrade Zhou Enlai has always loved the people and worked diligently for the people, which is concentrated in his spirit of being a public servant of the people. Comrade Zhou Enlai always insisted that the interests of the people are above all else, and regarded himself as the "general servant" of the people, repeatedly emphasizing that "all our work is for the people" and "cadres in our country are public servants of the people and should share weal and woe with the people." , a shared destiny", and "always be a loyal servant of the people".  He cares about the people, he is anxious about the urgency of the masses, and worries about the worries of the masses. As long as it is related to the safety and well-being of the masses, he is always caring and considerate. During holidays, he is always concerned about whether the workers on the production line can have a meal of dumplings. He went to the front line of flood fighting and the scene of earthquake many times. Wherever there is a disaster or the people have difficulties, he will appear there in time.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>

=== Xi Jinping's view ===
<blockquote>Comrade Zhou Enlai is an outstanding model of strict self-discipline, integrity and integrity. "The sea is open to all rivers, and tolerance is great; if a wall stands on a thousand feet, one can be strong without desire." Comrade Zhou Enlai is such a person. Comrade Zhou Enlai was self-disciplined, hardworking and simple all his life, only seeking dedication and not thinking of anything in return. He warned leading cadres to live well in ideological, political, social, kinship, and life, and to maintain the political integrity and fine style of the Communists. Comrade Zhou Enlai holds a high position, but he never engages in specialization. He first does what he asks party members and the masses to do. 

At the end of June 1935, when the Red Army arrived in the Lianghekou area, the party organization held re-elections, and Wei Guolu, a guard, was elected the leader of the party group where Comrade Zhou Enlai belonged. Once, Comrade Zhou Enlai asked Wei Guolu why he hadn't held a party group meeting for a long time. Wei Guolu replied that the party group meeting had already been held, and he saw that the chief was busy, so he didn't notify him. Comrade Zhou Enlai criticized with a serious attitude that is rarely seen in ordinary times, how can it be done? I am a party member and should lead an organizational life. In our party, everyone is an ordinary party member, and everyone has to lead an organizational life. This is a party issue. In January 1958, Comrade Zhou Enlai went to Hangzhou for inspection and brought his own pillow covers, cotton mattresses, bed sheets, and quilts with him. The quilt is the one used in Meiyuan New Village during the War of Liberation, and it has turned white after washing. The pillow cover was used again and again, and the middle was damaged. Comrade Zhou Enlai cut off the damaged part and re-sewn the ends to continue to use. 

The comrades in the Zhejiang Provincial Security Department couldn't stand it anymore, so they took the opportunity of him going to a meeting to get a new pillow cover from the logistics department and put it on. Comrade Zhou Enlai came back from the meeting and found that he had replaced the pillow towel. He said earnestly to the comrades in the Zhejiang Provincial Security Department that our country is not yet rich, and we must maintain the tradition of hard work. Even if we become rich in the future, we must not lose this glorious tradition. Comrade Zhou Enlai said frankly that in China with a population of 600 to 700 million, there is only one prime minister, no matter how poor you are, there is no shortage of those new clothes, but the problem is not whether there is a shortage of clothes, I do this not only for one person, but also to promote frugality, Don't pursue enjoyment, and encourage everyone to maintain the true qualities of a communist who struggles hard. In the 1950s, in response to the party's call, Comrade Zhou Enlai took the lead in clearing the graves of several generations of relatives in his hometown in Huai'an, and handing over the sorted out land to the public for use. 

Comrade Zhou Enlai strictly demanded his relatives and established "ten family rules" for them. He never used his power to seek personal gain for himself or his relatives and friends. Comrade Zhou Enlai earnestly taught the younger generation to negate the feudal kinship relationship, to have self-confidence and self-confidence, or to rely on relationships to rise up and be a pioneer in the road of life. He especially told the juniors not to reveal their relationship with him on any occasion, not to carry the sign of the prime minister's relatives, and not to show off oneself for personal gain. Comrade Zhou Enlai did not leave any personal property behind him, and even his own ashes were not allowed to be kept, and they were scattered into the rivers, seas and land of the motherland. "Great sages hold high lessons, and public candles are selfless." Comrade Zhou Enlai's noble personality of being selfless in his heart and serving the world for the public is a concentrated portrayal of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and the excellent morals of Chinese Communists, and will always be admired by future generations.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/114814/9df5fCvUb4F_QJ6yNYC3RaHiKwS7UQBQIP6gJ37EIqZvOl3YHVSms8GYFk1Yg37bvglcWDdzc-x-sBPm1l5-C_67Btttu0CJ_FqbQj6HI2-N97stt41raFBB Xi Jinping: Speech at the Symposium Commemorating the 120th Anniversary of Comrade Zhou Enlai's Birth] - Xinhua.net</ref> 

</blockquote>

== References ==
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[[Category:Chinese communists]]
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