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{{Infobox military person|name=Mikhail Tukhachevsky|native_name=Михаил Тухачевский|birth_date=16 February 1893|birth_place=Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky Uyezd, Smolensk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=12 June 1937 (aged 44)|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|image=Mikhail_Tukhachevsky_circa_1935.jpg|image_size=260px}} | {{Infobox military person|name=Mikhail Tukhachevsky|native_name=Михаил Тухачевский|birth_date=16 February 1893|birth_place=Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky Uyezd, Smolensk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=12 June 1937 (aged 44)|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|image=Mikhail_Tukhachevsky_circa_1935.jpg|image_size=260px}} | ||
'''Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky''', was a [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] general who served as a [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] from November 20, 1935 until his demotion on June 11, 1937, a day before his execution on June 12. Tukhachevsky and several other generals were executed in the [[Soviet purges of 1937–1938]] due to being | '''Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky''', was a [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] general who served as a [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] from November 20, 1935 until his demotion on June 11, 1937, a day before his execution on June 12. Tukhachevsky and several other generals were executed in the [[Soviet purges of 1937–1938]] due to being part of a conspiracy to assassinate [[Joseph Stalin]] and establish a military dictatorship. | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Tukhachevsky was born on February 16,1893 in Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky District in the region of [[Smolensk]] of the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] | Tukhachevsky was born to an [[aristocratic]] family on February 16,1893 in Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky District in the region of [[Smolensk]] of the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]]. He graduated from the Aleksander Military School in 1914.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|year=1979|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|title-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mikhail+Tukhachevsky|chapter=Tukhachevskii, Mikhail Nikolaevich}}</ref> | ||
== Military career == | == Military career == | ||
=== First World War === | === First World War === | ||
When the [[First World War]] began in 1914 Tukhachevsky joined the Russian army and served in the Semyenovsky Guards Regiment as a first lieutenant. Tukhachevsky was taken prisoner by the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germans]] in 1915 but escaped home to Russia in 1917.<ref name=":0" /> | When the [[First World War]] began in 1914, Tukhachevsky joined the Russian army and served in the Semyenovsky Guards Regiment as a first lieutenant. Tukhachevsky was taken prisoner by the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germans]] in 1915 but escaped home to Russia in 1917.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Red Army === | === Red Army === | ||
Tukhachevsky joined the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] in 1918 and became military commissar for | Tukhachevsky joined the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] in 1918 and became military commissar for defense of the [[Moscow]] region in the same year. During the [[Russian Civil War]] he commanded the First Army of the Eastern Front from June 1918 to January 1919 and the Eighth Army of the Southern Front from January to March 1919. From April to November 1919, Tukhachevsky commanded the Fifth Army of the Eastern Front, carrying out successful joint operations to free the [[Urals]] and [[Siberia]] from the armies of [[Alexander Kolchak]]. He commanded the troops of the Caucasian Front from February to April 1920 during the rout of [[Anton Denikin]]’s forces and commanded the troops of the Western Front from April 1920 to August 1921 in the [[Polish–Soviet War|Polish''–''Soviet War]]. Tukhachevsky was commander of the Seventh Army when the Kronstadt Anti-Soviet Rebellion was suppressed in March 1921 and commander of the forces in Tambov Region from April to May 1921, when the Antonov revolt was put down.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
After the end of the civil war Tukhachevsky was active in reforming the Red Army and held several military positions throughout the Union where he applied his military expertise earning him the rank of Marshal in 1935.<ref name=":0" /> | After the end of the civil war, Tukhachevsky was active in reforming the Red Army and held several military positions throughout the Union, where he applied his military expertise earning him the rank of Marshal in 1935.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Trial == | == Trial == | ||
On the May 22, 1937 Tukhachevsky was arrested due to the discovery of a plot to assassinate Stalin and overthrow the government, placing a military dictatorship sympathetic to [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] in its place | On the May 22, 1937 Tukhachevsky was arrested due to the discovery of a plot to assassinate Stalin and overthrow the government, placing a military dictatorship sympathetic to [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] in its place; over the next few weeks, several more Soviet generals were arrested as well. A trial was held June 11, 1937, in which the defendants' guilt was demonstrated unquestionably and a confession retrieved from all eight of the accused. Tukhachevsky and his co-conspirators were convicted and sentenced to execution; on 12 June, 1937, they were shot.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Grover Furr]], Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström|year=2021|title=Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Trotsky_and_the_Military_Conspiracy|chapter=Introduction – The Tukhachevsky Affair|section=What Happened}}</ref> | ||
== Legacy == | == Legacy == | ||
After the ascension of the [[Revisionism|revisionist]] [[Nikita Khrushchev]] to the role of General Secretary he enacted a policy of "[[Destalinisation]]", and as a part of this he whitewashed the reputation of Tukhachevsky, declaring him innocent | After the ascension of the [[Revisionism|revisionist]] [[Nikita Khrushchev]] to the role of General Secretary, he enacted a policy of "[[Destalinisation]]", and as a part of this he whitewashed the reputation of Tukhachevsky, declaring him innocent (despite a lack of evidence) and restoring the rank of Marshal to him posthumously on January 31, 1957.<ref>{{Citation|author=Grover Furr, Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström|year=2021|title=Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Trotsky_and_the_Military_Conspiracy|chapter=Chapter 9. Soviet evidence – The Arao Telegramme}}</ref> Bourgeois historians, as a part of their commitment to [[anti-communism]], maintain the innocence of Tukhachevsky into the modern day, despite the overwhelming evidence that proves him guilty, preferring to ignore it in favor of choosing the convenient answer of Stalin supposedly framing Tukhachevsky for reasons unknown.<ref>{{Citation|author=Grover Furr, Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström|year=2021|title=Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Trotsky_and_the_Military_Conspiracy#Chapter_4._Western_books_that_lie_about_the_Tukhachevsky_affair_–_Stephen_Kotkin|chapter=Chapter 4. Western books that lie about the Tukhachevsky affair – Stephen Kotkin}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 17:49, 30 July 2024
Mikhail Tukhachevsky | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Михаил Тухачевский |
| Born | 16 February 1893 Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky Uyezd, Smolensk Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 12 June 1937 (aged 44) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky, was a Soviet general who served as a Marshal of the Soviet Union from November 20, 1935 until his demotion on June 11, 1937, a day before his execution on June 12. Tukhachevsky and several other generals were executed in the Soviet purges of 1937–1938 due to being part of a conspiracy to assassinate Joseph Stalin and establish a military dictatorship.
Early life
Tukhachevsky was born to an aristocratic family on February 16,1893 in Alexandrovskoye, Dorogobuzhsky District in the region of Smolensk of the Russian Empire. He graduated from the Aleksander Military School in 1914.[1]
Military career
First World War
When the First World War began in 1914, Tukhachevsky joined the Russian army and served in the Semyenovsky Guards Regiment as a first lieutenant. Tukhachevsky was taken prisoner by the Germans in 1915 but escaped home to Russia in 1917.[1]
Red Army
Tukhachevsky joined the Red Army in 1918 and became military commissar for defense of the Moscow region in the same year. During the Russian Civil War he commanded the First Army of the Eastern Front from June 1918 to January 1919 and the Eighth Army of the Southern Front from January to March 1919. From April to November 1919, Tukhachevsky commanded the Fifth Army of the Eastern Front, carrying out successful joint operations to free the Urals and Siberia from the armies of Alexander Kolchak. He commanded the troops of the Caucasian Front from February to April 1920 during the rout of Anton Denikin’s forces and commanded the troops of the Western Front from April 1920 to August 1921 in the Polish–Soviet War. Tukhachevsky was commander of the Seventh Army when the Kronstadt Anti-Soviet Rebellion was suppressed in March 1921 and commander of the forces in Tambov Region from April to May 1921, when the Antonov revolt was put down.[1]
After the end of the civil war, Tukhachevsky was active in reforming the Red Army and held several military positions throughout the Union, where he applied his military expertise earning him the rank of Marshal in 1935.[1]
Trial
On the May 22, 1937 Tukhachevsky was arrested due to the discovery of a plot to assassinate Stalin and overthrow the government, placing a military dictatorship sympathetic to Nazi Germany in its place; over the next few weeks, several more Soviet generals were arrested as well. A trial was held June 11, 1937, in which the defendants' guilt was demonstrated unquestionably and a confession retrieved from all eight of the accused. Tukhachevsky and his co-conspirators were convicted and sentenced to execution; on 12 June, 1937, they were shot.[2]
Legacy
After the ascension of the revisionist Nikita Khrushchev to the role of General Secretary, he enacted a policy of "Destalinisation", and as a part of this he whitewashed the reputation of Tukhachevsky, declaring him innocent (despite a lack of evidence) and restoring the rank of Marshal to him posthumously on January 31, 1957.[3] Bourgeois historians, as a part of their commitment to anti-communism, maintain the innocence of Tukhachevsky into the modern day, despite the overwhelming evidence that proves him guilty, preferring to ignore it in favor of choosing the convenient answer of Stalin supposedly framing Tukhachevsky for reasons unknown.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: 'Tukhachevskii, Mikhail Nikolaevich' (1979).
- ↑ Grover Furr, Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström (2021). Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy: 'Introduction – The Tukhachevsky Affair; What Happened'.
- ↑ Grover Furr, Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström (2021). Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy: 'Chapter 9. Soviet evidence – The Arao Telegramme'.
- ↑ Grover Furr, Vladimir L. Bobrov, Sven-Eric Holmström (2021). Trotsky and the Military Conspiracy: 'Chapter 4. Western books that lie about the Tukhachevsky affair – Stephen Kotkin'.