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| Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Itiyoppiya Federaalak Demokraatik Rippeblikih የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Addis Ababa |
| Official languages | Afar Amharic Oromo Somali Tigrinya |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,104,300 km² |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 123,379,924 |
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
History
Overview
The History of Ethiopia can be usefully categorized into four periods:
- To 1270: Antiquity
- To 1500: The Ethiopian Middle Ages (which ecompasses the beginning of the Zagwe Dynasty to the beginning of the emergence of Islam and the end of the early Solomoic period)
- To 1855: The Gondarine Period[1]
- To present day: The Modern Period (begining with the End of the Zemene Mesafint, Amharic for "the Era of Princes") under Tewdros II in 1855.[2]
Italy attempted to colonize Ethiopia in the 19th century but was defeated by Emperor Menelik's forces in 1896. Fascist Italy overthrew Emperor Haile Selassie and occupied Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941. Haile Sellasie was reinstated as Emperor and continued to rule the country until 1974. After the Second World War, Ethiopia became a neocolony of the United States. Mengistu Haile Mariam established a socialist government in Ethiopia in the 1970s and was overthrown by the TPLF and other groups in 1991.[3]
1270-1500
1500-1855
1855-1974
1974-1991
1991-present day
Demographics
There are 80 ethnic groups in Ethiopia. The largest nations in the country are the Tigray (6.1%) and Amhara (27%), who speak Semitic languages, the Somalis (6.2%) and the Oromo (34%), who speak a Cushitic language.[3]
References
- ↑ Harold G. Marcus (2002). A History of Ethiopia: Updated Edition: 'Chapter 2: The Golden Age of the Solomonic Dynasty, to 1500' (pp. 17-29). London: University of California Press. [LG]
- ↑ Bahru Zewde (2002). A History of Modern Ethiopia (1855-1991) (p. 27). Addis Abeba: Addis Abeba University Press. [LG]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Solyana Bekele (2021-08-09). "Smash neocolonialism in Ethiopia, erase the fake borders!" The Burning Spear. Archived from the original on 2022-07-29. Retrieved 2022-08-27.