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Erich Honecker (25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led East Germany (the German Democratic Republic, or GDR) from 1971 until 1989. He was the chairman of the National Defense Council and an influential figure in late Soviet politics. Honecker is known for his progressive policies in the GDR, and critiques against Soviet leader Gorbachev.