Manden (1235–1670)

Manden; Manden Duguba
	1235–1670
Common languages	Mandinka
Government	Monarchy

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Manden, also spelled Mali, Melle, Mande, or Manding, was a medieval state in West Africa. Unlike the Ghana and Songhai empires, which were founded by Berbers, Manden was founded by the Mandinka people. Manden reached its peak in the 13th to 15th centuries after converting to Islam and conquered much of the Ghana and Songhai empires. However, after being defeated by the Tuaregs and Songhai, it became a vassal of the Songhai in 1501 before splitting into many smaller states.^[1]

References

↑ Sík Endre (1970). The History of Black Africa, vol. 1: 'The Peoples of Black Africa before the End of the 15th Century; The Sudanese Peoples'. [PDF]

[1] Sík Endre (1970). The History of Black Africa, vol. 1: 'The Peoples of Black Africa before the End of the 15th Century; The Sudanese Peoples'. [PDF]

[1]