The October Revolution (also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Bolshevik Revolution, or simply the Russian Revolution) was a socialist revolution which took place in the Russian Empire in 1917, following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of the Russian Provisional Government. Brought on by the popular support for the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin and the failure of the Provisional Government to exit World War I, the situation of dual power between the government and the worker-led Soviets led to the overthrow of the state and the creation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in the same year. It proved for the first time in history that a government entirely run by peasants, workers and soldiers was possible.