As Kim Jong Il describes, the centering of man and man's interests is what characterizes the Juche idea's usefulness for enhancing man's active transformation of the world: "By casting a new light on the outlook of the world, on the viewpoint and attitude towards the world, with man as the main consideration, the Juche philosophy provided the working class and other working masses with a powerful weapon to transform the world and shape their own destiny."<ref name=":4" />
Within Juche, "man" is considered primarily as the social collective of the working masses, rather than purely as individual, biological man. In the context of Juche, the popular masses are not determined by their class background, only by their ideological basis.<ref name="Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions" /> The category of "man" in Juche excludes the reactionary exploiter class.<ref>[https://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/677?lang=eng&search= "Man, Main Category of Juche Philosophy."] Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism Course: Juche Idea. Korean Academy of Social Sciences. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230923134133/http://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/677?lang=eng&search= Archived] 2023-09-23.</ref>
The Juche idea concerns itself with defining humans as social beings who possess independence, creativity, and consciousness. According to the Juche idea, these three qualities are what enable human beings to approach the world "not fatalistically but revolutionarily, not passively but actively, and to reshape the world not blindly but purposefully and consciously." Juche further asserts that it is correct for human beings to consciously transform nature and society in ways that benefit them, while also acknowledging the material limits and objective laws of reality. Kim Jong-Il said in regard to this that the Juche viewpoint and attitude are revolutionary because they enable people to transform the world "with a high degree of awareness that they are masters of the world and their own destiny."<ref name=":1" />
Importantly, these qualities of man are considered not to be purely natural, but rather are characteristics of social man, brought out in man by his existence within a social context. Although Juche acknowledges the biological nature of human beings, "man" as discussed within Juche refers to man within the context of social relations.<ref>{{Citation|year=Juche 101 (2012)|title=Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions|title-url=https://archive.org/details/juche-questions|quote=As seen above, independence, creativity and consciousness constitute the essential features of man that distinguish him from animals. It is important to note that these qualities are not gifted, but social qualities that only man can acquire while living and developing in social relationship.|city=Pyongyang|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House}}</ref>In Juche philosophy, independence is considered to be the most important attribute that defines what kind of being man is. It is described as "a quality of man to remove the restrictions of nature, oppose all manner of subjugation in society and make everything serve him."<ref name=":3" />
In ''Man's Destiny and Juche Idea'', an explanation is given which describes that man's demand for independence is more precious than physical life, and that man's display of creativity and consciousness are for the sake of independence: "If man loses independence and lives at others’ beck and call, he is alive physically but he is dead as a social being. Man’s display of creativity and consciousness is not for the sake of themselves but for the sake of independence. History has recorded lots of people who dedicated their lives to the fight against tyranny and oppression, a demonstration that independence is more precious than physical life."<ref name=":5">[https://archive.org/details/juche-destiny/ "Man's Destiny and Juche Idea."] Foreign Languages Publishing House. Pyongyang, Korea, Juche 101 (2012).</ref>
Juche philosophy considers independence to be the "life and soul" of man because man's socio-political integrity can be maintained only with independence. As ''Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea'' states, "if man is subjugated by others without independence, he is as same as the dead, though he is in life. Independence, therefore, is the life and soul of man."<ref name=":6">[https://archive.org/details/Juche_exposition/1-what_is_the_view_of_the_juche_idea_on_the_world/ "Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea."] Foreign Languages Publishing House. Pyongyang, Korea, Juche 103 (2014).</ref> ''Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions'' explains: "The physical life is what keeps man alive as a biological organism, whereas the social and political integrity is what keeps him alive as a social being."<ref name=":3" />
The [[Korean Association of Social Scientists]] explains that because man has independence "as his life and soul," independence therefore "becomes life and soul of a country and nation, the people’s collective." Following this, if the people’s independence is to be realized, it is important to first realize independence of a country and nation, "the basic unit of carving out destiny."<ref>[https://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/635?lang=eng "Philosophical Meaning and Socio-Political Meaning of Independence."] Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism Course: Juche Idea. Korean Association of Social Scientists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230815081746/http://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/635?lang=eng Archived] 2023-08-15.</ref>
In Juche philosophy, creativity is an attribute of social man, by which man transforms nature and society to make them more useful and beneficial to him by changing the old into the new. It may also be described as scientific and technical knowledge, experience and skill obtained by man in social practice. With creativity, man develops the method of his activities with the passage of time.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" />
This is contrasted with other beings, which are not considered to have creativity as is discussed within the Juche idea, as "creativity" in Juche philosophy is a trait which is brought out in social man by his existence within social relations. This concept can be contrasted with the activities of animals such as bees or birds, who do in one sense of the word create things in the form of hives and nests. However, as is pointed out in ''Expositions of the Principles of Juche Idea'', this is not considered the same as man's quality of creativity as defined in Juche philosophy, because "they cannot transform the existing forms to make new things. This is proved by the fact that their method is the same even after the change of conditions and environment with the passage of time." In contrast, man's creativity causes him to develop new methods and new creations based on both changing conditions and on the new methods and creations which he continues to develop over time. An example of this is given with the case of man engaging in hunting and gathering for food, then developing farming, and then continuously building on the creative developments in farming by new farming methods and advancements in science and technology.<ref name=":6" />
''Man's Destiny and Juche Idea'' explains that since man is a creative being and the social movement for shaping destiny of human beings assumes creative character, "destiny control without creation is inconceivable." The work explains that man who wants to realize his aspirations and demand for independence can successfully shape his destiny only by the creative method, enhancing and positively enlisting his creativity and constantly transforming nature and society to meet the specific conditions. The work further explains how the "inexhaustible creative ability" of the masses is key in "waging a dynamic struggle for destiny control":<blockquote>In order to carve out one’s destiny and the destiny of one’s country and nation, it is necessary to strictly rely on the masses of the people possessing inexhaustible creative ability. The popular masses are a decisive force propelling social progress and only when one relies on them strictly and enlists their creativity can one wage a dynamic struggle for destiny control. Whatever outstanding talent and ability an individual has, they are no match for the strength of the masses. It is not an individual but the popular masses who possess in a comprehensive way all knowledge and experience accumulated by humankind through the struggle for carving out destiny in the long historical period.<ref name=":5" /></blockquote>It is also noted in the above work, in respect to how man's creativity may be applied to actions, that the creative method is to find solutions of one's own that suit one's actual realities, always starting from the specific conditions and settings, and, when introducing other's experience, adopt it by tailoring it to meet one's own needs. As is stated in ''Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions'', "Creativity ensures the realization of independence. Man can translate independence into reality as he has creativity. The fuller he gives play to creativity the better he can put independence into practice."<ref name=":3" />
According to Juche philosophy, consciousness is an attribute of social man, which determines all his endeavours to understand and reshape the world and himself. Because man has consciousness, man is able to understand the world and the laws of its motion and development, and therefore can harness nature and develop society as he desires. Consciousness enables man to be aware of his demands and interests, as well as of the surrounding world, enabling man to make strenuous effort for the realization of those demands and interests. Because he has consciousness, man is able to make active analysis and judgment of new problems and situations that arise in the process of his practical activities, and enables man to take proper measures and steps in conformity with the new conditions. Thus he is able to carry out his planned practical activities to the end by overcoming difficulties and ordeals encountered in the process.<ref>[https://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/626?lang=eng&search= "Consciousness."] Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism Course: Juche Idea. Korean Association of Social Scientists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230926104138/http://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/626?lang=eng&search= Archived] 2023-09-26.</ref>
Ideological consciousness is considered to reflect man's desire and interests, and therefore has an active effect on man's conduct. In particular, within the Juche idea, consciousness of independence and class interests is considered to play a decisive role in the masses' revolutionary movement for independence. The masses' revolutionary ability cannot find full expression without consciousness, particularly consciousness of their class interests and independence. It is considered that masses with a low level of consciousness in regard to their class interests and in regard to independence will be less able to transform nature and society to meet their needs, therefore hampering their ability to rise to the revolutionary struggle even in the face of oppression and exploitation. It is considered necessary to have a firm consciousness of independence in order to be able to take an indomitable attitude towards the revolution, actively participate in it with a strong will, and struggle to the end, overcoming all difficulties and trials.<ref name=":1" />
In ''On the Juche Idea'', Kim Jong Il explains that without the regulation of ideological consciousness, man's independent and creative activities would be "inconceivable", stating:<blockquote>If a man is to be an independent creative being, he must have the consciousness of independence. This consciousness means the awareness of one’s being the master of one’s own destiny and signifies the will to shape one’s destiny by one’s own initiative. Only when a man has the consciousness of independence can he conduct conscious activity to conquer nature and actively struggle against the oppressors who encroach and trample upon his independence. Man’s endeavour to acquire a scientific understanding of the world and transform it actively is none other than the manifestation of his consciousness; man’s role in transforming nature and society, after all, is the role of his ideological consciousness.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>In the same work, Kim Jong Il goes on to describe the relationship between consciousness and material conditions in a revolutionary movement:<blockquote>Material factors, too, play a great part in the revolutionary movement. But the existence of material conditions does not give rise to the revolution automatically. How to make use of these material conditions depends on people’s conscious activity. Whether these material conditions are prepared quickly or not depends on man’s activity. The revolution can be pushed forward only by the active struggle of the revolutionaries and the popular masses. Fundamentally speaking, a revolution does not always break out when all the necessary conditions exist, nor is it carried out always in favourable circumstances. Waiting with folded arms for all conditions to ripen is tantamount to refusing to make a revolution. Primary importance, therefore, should be given to the ideological factor in the revolutionary struggle and construction work, and on this basis strenuous efforts should be made to create all the necessary conditions.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>In other words, while material factors are considered to play a large role in a revolution, the consciousness of the masses is considered to be the decisive factor, as how to make use of the material conditions depends on people's conscious activity. It is also noted in the same work that the role of ideological consciousness steadily increases with the development of the revolutionary movement; the communist revolutionary movement is described as requiring a high degree of consciousness from people, as the socialist and communist societies are built by the purposeful and conscious efforts of the popular masses. Meanwhile, the role of ideological consciousness is enhanced after the seizure of political power and the establishment of the socialist system by the working class, and socialism and communism are considered to "provide the conditions for increasing the role of people's ideological consciousness to the full."<ref name=":1" />
One of the starting points of the Juche idea is that the master of the revolution is the popular masses, and that the revolution can emerge victorious when they are educated, organized and mobilized.<ref name=":3" />
The concept of man as master of everything means that man dominates the world in accordance with his will and demand. In the Juche philosophy, the concept master "indicates whether the world dominates man or man dominates the world in accordance with his will and demand. In other words, the concept master contains the philosophical meaning of whether man is in the position of dominating the world or being dominated by the world."<ref>[https://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/676?lang=eng&search= "Meaning of Master, Philosophical Concept."] Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism Course: Juche Idea. Korean Academy of Social Sciences. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230923133128/http://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/676?lang=eng&search= Archived] 2023-09-23.</ref>
This assertion is made in contrast to the view that man is a "powerless" being dominated by instinct, isolated from the world and with no social character, a view described by Kim Jong Il as a reactionary and bourgeois philosophy which "negates a scientific understanding of the world and revolutionary changes, inspires sorrow, pessimism and ultra-egoism."<ref name=":4" />
The term "domination" in Juche philosophy does not refer to oppressive domination such as class domination or colonial domination, but to "controlling and utilizing all objects of the world in keeping with man’s independent interests and demand". It refers to man's transformation of the world for it to serve him, as opposed to the concept that man serves the surrounding world.<ref>[https://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/680?lang=eng&search= "Meaning of Domination, Philosophical Concept."] Korean Association of Social Scientists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230924043630/http://www.kass.org.kp/index.php/course/view/680?lang=eng&search= Archived] 2023-09-23.</ref>
As the work ''Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea'' notes, it is incorrect to take a metaphysical view of how man dominates the world. The work explains that "it is wrong to understand in a metaphysical way that man dominates the world. At present, man does not dominate all things and phenomena in the world. The scope of man’s domination over the world is small in comparison with the vast scope of nature." The work goes on to note that society has objective laws that act independently of man's will, and it is only when man correctly understands and uses these laws that man can "dominate society according to his demand."<ref name=":6" />
The concept of destiny which is discussed in Juche philosophy refers to the situation or circumstances of people, matters of life and death, and the direction of development.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> References to "carving out destiny" refers to "the process of fulfilling the people’s basic aspiration and demand."<ref name=":5" />
"Destiny" (Korean: 운명; Hanja: 運命) in the context of Juche philosophy does not refer to a superstitious or religious concept of destiny. It is differentiated from concepts such as inevitable or predestined fate (Korean: 숙명; Hanja: 宿命), or the concept of one's fortune (Korean: 팔자; Hanja: 八字).<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> In contrast with concepts of predestined fate or fortune in which man has no ability to change the outcome, the Juche idea emphasizes man's ability to understand the laws of nature and therefore become capable of consciously transforming the world and society for his benefit, therefore becoming the "master of his destiny". As stated in ''Man's Destiny and Juche Idea'', "With the discovery of this great truth, man who had long been a slave to [[mysticism]], [[fatalism]] and [[supernatural]] [[god]] could exalt his dignity and worth as the master of his destiny."<ref name=":5" />
The Juche idea holds that [[nationalism]] came about to satisfy the need for a nation to defend its interests during its course of development. Juche understands a nation to be a type of social community which holds common kinship and descent, a distinct language, residential area and culture. Every nation is composed of various classes and strata, and there is no one who has ever been outside of a nation. Because everyone is both part of a nation and [[Social class|class]], everybody is born with both a national and class identity.<ref name=":10">{{Citation|author=Kim Jong-il|year=Juche 91 (2002)|title=On having a correct understanding of Nationalism|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-Having-A-Correct-Understanding-Of-Nationalism.pdf|trans-lang=Korean}}</ref> Class and national identities and their respective interests cannot be separated from each other. Although class contradictions exist in every society, all classes within a nation have common national interests in defending the homeland and achieving independence. Because nationalism emerged alongside the development of a nation, it is inherently progressive under most circumstances. However, under capitalist society, the bourgeoisie disguises their class interests for collective national interests to further reactionary ideology.<ref name=":10" />
The historical outlook of the Juche idea holds that the working masses are the subject of history and the motive force of social progress, and that history develops through the struggle of the working masses to transform nature and society, as they defend and realize independence from all natural and social restrictions. In class society, the exploiting classes attempt to prevent this historical advance, forming a struggle between "the creators of history and the reactionaries of history, between the masters of revolution and the targets of revolution".<ref name=":1" /> Through these struggles, society develops and advances.
In Juche philosophy, it is recognized that man lives and conducts his activity in the world, and that the world consists of material which changes and develops as the result of the motion of material, and that nature is both the object of man's labor as well as the material source of his life. However, a distinction is made between the development of nature and socio-historical development in that the developments of nature have no volitional "subject"; in nature, motion takes place spontaneously through the interaction of material elements which exist objectively. In contrast, social movement is considered to be caused and developed by the volitional role of the subject--the working masses of the people.
The working masses transform nature through their labor, producing all social wealth by their hands and advancing history through their creative activity and struggle, changing the societies unfavorable to them. While the working masses are considered as the subject and motive force of history throughout various forms of society, their positive action on socio-historical progress increases as they transform nature and society, strengthening their position, and as they become more aware of their role as the motive force of history. In socialist society, the working masses undergo a radical change in their status and destiny, and their position and role are enhanced due to the revolutionary leadership and struggle of the working class.
As explained by Kim Jong Il, "Only by seizing state power and the means of production in their own hands and by establishing a socialist system can the working masses free themselves from exploitation and oppression and create history consciously as true masters of society and their own destiny." He explains that when the whole society is reshaped completely on the pattern of the advanced working class under its leadership, "the position of the popular masses, the subject of history, would be remarkably stronger, and their role in pushing forward the historical progress and revolutionary development incomparably higher."<ref name=":1" />
Relation to other philosophical ideas
Juche holds it as fact that the world consists of material which moves and develops in accordance with its own laws, rather than consisting of consciousness or ideas.<ref name=":4" /> ''Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea'' indicates that thanks to the scientific world outlook of Marxism, the exploited working masses "got free from religious illusion and idealistic fiction".<ref name=":6" />
Juche philosophy emphasizes the importance of considering man as a social being living in social relations rather than purely as a biological being. As explained in ''Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea'', "the view that regarded man as the being dominated by instinct had been used for defending capitalist society where the law of jungle prevailed, causing corruption among the working masses."<ref name=":6" /> This purely biological characterization of man, which fails to distinguish man as existing within social relations or to identify social man's key traits as defined in Juche, is criticized because it can be used to "defend exploiter society governed by the law of the jungle",<ref name=":5" /> as well as potentially leading to [[Racism|racist]] theories and racial discrimination.<ref name=":4" />
Juche philosophy regards the dialectical materialist view as the scientific view of the material world. As Kim Jong Il has stated regarding this view:<blockquote>It has already been established by materialistic dialectic that the world consists of material, not consciousness or ideas, and that it moves, changes and develops in accordance with its own laws, not by any supernatural force. It is an undeniable fact that the world is, in essence, a material entity, a material integrity, and that it moves, changes and develops in accordance with its inherent laws.<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>''Exposition of the Principles of Juche Idea'' explains the influence of Marxism in freeing people from idealism and in instructing people to "understand and approach the world as it is" and to behave "according to the law of the change and development of the objective material world":<blockquote>As a scientific world outlook that reflects the world as it is in an objective way, Marxist world outlook had big influence on the development of history and the shaping of people’s destiny. Thanks to Marxism, the exploited working masses got free from religious illusion and idealistic fiction and came to understand that their misfortunes come not from their fate or revelation of God but from the exploitation of the capitalist class and the capitalist system that defends it. And they were awakened that the way for happiness free from the exploitation and oppression is to fight against capital.
It is the world outlook that instructs to understand and approach the world as it is, in other words, to behave according to the law of the change and development of the objective material world on the basis of its correct cognition.<ref name=":6" /></blockquote>Within Juche, it is considered that although this view provides a correct scientific understanding of the world, it does not inherently cause man to actively transform nature and society in accordance with his will or in accordance with man's interests. It is the Juche philosophy which asserts it is able to fulfill this task by emphasizing man's role in taking responsibility for shaping the world and asserting that the world should be shaped according to man's interests. Therefore, it is asserted that "in order to lead a true life, [man] must not only cognize the objective law and behave according to it but also transform nature and society in an active way on its basis. Dialectical materialism cannot enable people to fulfill the responsibility and role for their life. Moreover, it does not directly show the road of shaping man’s destiny. It is the man-centred world outlook that shows the road of shaping man’s destiny directly and scientifically."<ref name=":6" />
The work ''Man's Destiny and Juche Idea'' summarizes the view held in Juche philosophy, which is that the Juche idea raises a separate question from what is dealt with by Marx: "As the origin of the world was explained materialistically by Marxism, the Juche idea newly raises the relationship between the world and man, the position and role of man in the world, as the fundamental question of philosophy and gives a scientific answer to it."<ref name=":5" />
The Korean Association of Social Scientists (KASS) states that although the Juche idea is an idea connected with [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxism-Leninism]], Juche is a new, original revolutionary idea which "gave answers to the demands of a historical age different from one of Marx and Lenin, and was evolved and systematized with its own peculiar principles."<ref>[https://kcnawatch.xyz/newstream/1565258143-198061077/what-is-the-ideological-and-mental-source-of-the-juche-idea-and-its-premise/ "What is the ideological and mental source of the Juche idea and its premise?"] Korean Association of Social Scientists. 2009-04-14. Accessed via KCNA Watch. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230923132720/https://kcnawatch.xyz/newstream/1565258143-198061077/what-is-the-ideological-and-mental-source-of-the-juche-idea-and-its-premise/ Archived] 2023-09-23.</ref> [[Kim Il-sung]] developed the ideology which was originally viewed as a variant of Marxism–Leninism until it became recognized as a theoretical advancement. Kim Jong-il officially broke the Marxist-Leninist continuity of Juche, claiming it to be something unique entirely. It incorporates the [[Historical materialism|historical materialist]] ideas of Marxism–Leninism and strongly emphasizes the relationship between the [[individual]], the [[nation state]] and its [[sovereignty]].
Kim Jong-il states this about the unique Juche characteristic of Socialism in Korea and how it is not merely Marxism-Leninism, <blockquote>"In the early years of revolutionary activity, the leader (Kim Il-Sung) was well versed in Marxism-Leninism. But he did not confine himself to applying Marxism-Leninism to the Korean Revolution but pioneered a new phase of revolutionary theory from a steadfast Juche-oriented standpoint and resolved the problems arising in the revolutionary practice from a unique angle."<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf On the Juche Idea - Kim Jong-Il, page 7]</ref></blockquote>Kim Jong-il stated that the historical achievements of Marxism–Leninism must be acknowledged but also states that it has limitations when it comes to the specifics of post-revolution socialist construction in the present day context, and states that, "the present historical condition is fundamentally different from what it was when the founders of Marxism–Leninism were active" and while Lenin certainly advanced Marxism, "is now clear to everybody that one cannot build socialism properly by drawing on a theory that was put forward based on prediction and supposition a century ago." Kim Jong-il adds, <blockquote>"Although Marxism-Leninism has limitations and failed to clarify the specific ways for building socialism, those parties that are building socialism can prevent the degeneration of their class character if they correctly maintain the revolutionary principle of Marxism-Leninism [...] As for the mistakes revealed in socialist construction in some countries, their parties which allowed dogmatism and revisionism, not Marxism-Leninism and its founders, are to blame for them."<ref name=":2">[[Library:On some problems of the ideological foundation of socialism|On some problems of the ideological foundation of socialism]]</ref></blockquote>While the achievements of Marxism–Leninism are recognized in the Juche outlook, it is considered that Marxism–Leninism does not provide all the answers necessary for socialist construction in the modern conditions or the specific conditions of Korea, and that it is limited by its historical age.<blockquote>The Juche idea must not be viewed as a simple inheritance and development of Marxism-Leninism; it must be viewed as a new and original idea. That we should see originality in context with derivations in understanding means that the Juche idea is not an ideology, which contrasts with Marxism-Leninism and that the historical achievements of Marxism-Leninism must be acknowledged. We acknowledge the historical achievements of the dialectical materialism of Marxism, as it smashed the reactionary idealistic and metaphysical outlook on the world, but do not view it as the perfect philosophy of the working class. We appraise the historical achievements of Marxism-Leninism as it proved the inevitability of the fall of capitalism and the triumph of socialism and clarified the and theory on building a classless ideal society free of exploitation and oppression, but we do not see it as a perfect communist revolutionary theory. As a matter of course we have so far not spoken much about the limitations of Marxism-Leninism. But today when its limitations are more and more evident, it is necessary to bring them home to our officials. Only then can they fully understand the originality and superiority of the Juche idea, the revolutionary idea of the leader, and make firmer their conviction of our style socialism based on the Juche idea. – Kim Jong-Il<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
Individualism vs. collectivism
In Juche, the individual's demand for independence is considered to be the demand of man as an equal member of the social collective rather than as a single, isolated individual who exists outside of social relations.
The individual's demand for independence as described in Juche is considered to be fundamentally different from concepts such as "individualistic greed" or concepts found in existentialism, which is regarded as a bourgeois philosophy. Arguments centering on the isolated individual's autonomy and freedom of will is considered to be "sophism to rationalize individual egoism and liberalism and to defend capitalist system," as is described in the work ''Expositions of the Principles of Juche Idea''. Such claims are described as "bourgeois self-indulgence with which one decides and behaves as he wishes according to his pure will, negating all effects of social environments."<ref name=":6" />
In addition, Juche philosophy argues that the demands of an individual can be better realized only through collectivism, which is considered to be more capable of properly combining the demands of the individual and the collective, to realize the demands of both.<ref name=":6" />
