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=== Africa ===
=== Africa ===
[[United States Africa Command|U.S. Africa Command]] (USAFRICOM) began its operations on October 1, 2007 and became fully operational on October 1, 2008. It is headquartered at Kelley Barracks in [[Stuttgart]], [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]].<ref name=":25">[https://www.africom.mil/about-the-command "About the Command."] Africom.mil. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240516100404/https://www.africom.mil/about-the-command Archived] 2024-05-16.</ref> The US's main "enduring" base in [[Africa]] is [[Camp Lemonnier]] in [[Republic of Djibouti|Djibouti]].<ref>[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12566 "China and Sub-Saharan Africa."] Congressional Research Service, January 8, 2024.</ref>  
[[United States Africa Command|U.S. Africa Command]] (AFRICOM) began its operations on October 1, 2007 and became fully operational on October 1, 2008. It is headquartered at Kelley Barracks in [[Stuttgart]], [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]].<ref name=":25">[https://www.africom.mil/about-the-command "About the Command."] Africom.mil. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240516100404/https://www.africom.mil/about-the-command Archived] 2024-05-16.</ref>  


The US justifies its military presence in [[Africa]] by claiming to assist African governments in building capacity in their armed forces to deal with violent extremists and to respond to crises.<ref name=":25" /> However, despite claiming to combat terrorism, the increased presence of the US military in Africa has been followed by an increase in terrorist incidents,<ref>Turse, Nick. [https://theintercept.com/2019/07/29/pentagon-study-africom-africa-violence/ “Violence Has Spiked in Africa since the Military Founded AFRICOM, Pentagon Study Finds.”] [[The Intercept]], July 29, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240409232650/https://theintercept.com/2019/07/29/pentagon-study-africom-africa-violence/ Archived] 2024-04-09.</ref> and essentially functions as a [[protection racket]].<ref>Dan Glazebrook. [https://www.herald.co.zw/recolonisation-of-africa-by-endless-war/ “Recolonisation of Africa by Endless War.”] The Herald, November 7, 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705125656/https://www.herald.co.zw/recolonisation-of-africa-by-endless-war/ Archived] 2022-07-05.</ref> As an article in [[Peoples Dispatch]] points out, "the main cause behind the explosion of terrorist organizations in the region was the 2011 [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libyan]] war in which AFRICOM itself was an aggressor."<ref>Kulkarni, Pavan. [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2021/06/01/africom-militarys-exercise-the-art-of-creating-new-pretexts-for-propagating-us-interests/ “AFRICOM Military’s Exercise: The Art of Creating New Pretexts for Propagating US Interests.”] Peoples Dispatch, June 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231202123112/https://peoplesdispatch.org/2021/06/01/africom-militarys-exercise-the-art-of-creating-new-pretexts-for-propagating-us-interests/ Archived] 2023-12-02.</ref>  
The US justifies its military presence in [[Africa]] by claiming to assist African governments in building capacity in their armed forces to deal with violent extremists and to respond to crises.<ref name=":25" /> However, despite claiming to combat terrorism, the increased presence of the US military in Africa has been followed by an increase in terrorist incidents.<ref>Turse, Nick. [https://theintercept.com/2019/07/29/pentagon-study-africom-africa-violence/ “Violence Has Spiked in Africa since the Military Founded AFRICOM, Pentagon Study Finds.”] [[The Intercept]], July 29, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240409232650/https://theintercept.com/2019/07/29/pentagon-study-africom-africa-violence/ Archived] 2024-04-09.</ref> An article in [[Peoples Dispatch]] points out that "the main cause behind the explosion of terrorist organizations in the region was the 2011 [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libyan]] war in which AFRICOM itself was an aggressor."<ref>Kulkarni, Pavan. [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2021/06/01/africom-militarys-exercise-the-art-of-creating-new-pretexts-for-propagating-us-interests/ “AFRICOM Military’s Exercise: The Art of Creating New Pretexts for Propagating US Interests.”] Peoples Dispatch, June 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231202123112/https://peoplesdispatch.org/2021/06/01/africom-militarys-exercise-the-art-of-creating-new-pretexts-for-propagating-us-interests/ Archived] 2023-12-02.</ref> Furthermore, as was observed in an article by Tunde Osazua, the occupation of countries and bombings that the US has used to achieve its goals in Africa are acts of terror, along with the economic terrorism of murderous [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] enforced by the US and [[austerity]] programs imposed via the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[The World Bank|World Bank]].<ref>Tunde Osazua. [https://blackagendareport.com/africom-and-guise-terrorism “AFRICOM and the Guise of Terrorism.”] [[Black Agenda Report]], July 15, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402063913/https://www.blackagendareport.com/africom-and-guise-terrorism Archived] 2023-04-02.</ref>


As was observed by Tunde Osazua of [[Black Alliance for Peace]] (BAP), the occupation of countries and bombings that the US has used to achieve its goals in Africa are acts of terror, along with the economic terrorism of murderous [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] enforced by the US and [[austerity]] programs imposed via the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[The World Bank|World Bank]].<ref>Tunde Osazua. [https://blackagendareport.com/africom-and-guise-terrorism “AFRICOM and the Guise of Terrorism.”] [[Black Agenda Report]], July 15, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402063913/https://www.blackagendareport.com/africom-and-guise-terrorism Archived] 2023-04-02.</ref> The actual purpose of AFRICOM has been summarized by BAP as "to use U.S. military power to impose U.S. control of African land, resources and labor to service the needs of U.S. multi-national corporations and the wealthy in the United States".<ref>[https://blackallianceforpeace.com/usoutofafrica “U.S. Out of Africa! Shut Down AFRICOM.”] The Black Alliance for Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240519130712/https://blackallianceforpeace.com/usoutofafrica Archived] 2024-05-19.</ref>
The actual purpose of AFRICOM has been summarized by the [[Black Alliance for Peace]] as "to use U.S. military power to impose U.S. control of African land, resources and labor to service the needs of U.S. multi-national corporations and the wealthy in the United States".<ref>[https://blackallianceforpeace.com/usoutofafrica “U.S. Out of Africa! Shut Down AFRICOM.”] The Black Alliance for Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240519130712/https://blackallianceforpeace.com/usoutofafrica Archived] 2024-05-19.</ref>


==== Niger ====
==== Niger ====
[[File:Here is Agadez not Washington US Army Get Out.jpg|alt=Demonstrators in Niger hold a French and English language sign which says: "Mouvement M62 Union sacrée pour la sauvegarde de la souveraineté et la dignité du peuple Here is Agadez not Washington US Army Get Out"|thumb|256x256px|Demonstrators in Niger calling for departure of US troops.]]
[[File:Here is Agadez not Washington US Army Get Out.jpg|alt=Demonstrators in Niger hold a French and English language sign which says: "Mouvement M62 Union sacrée pour la sauvegarde de la souveraineté et la dignité du peuple Here is Agadez not Washington US Army Get Out"|thumb|256x256px|Demonstrators in Niger calling for departure of US troops.]]
[[Republic of the Niger|Niger]] has previously been a center for US operations in west and north Africa, as part of a chain of US bases and outposts across the [[Sahel]] region.<ref name=":23">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/17/niger-suspends-military-cooperation-with-us “Niger Suspends Military Cooperation with US: Spokesman.”] Al Jazeera, March 17, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240521080524/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/17/niger-suspends-military-cooperation-with-us Archived] 2024-05-21.</ref><ref>Banks, Chris. [https://www.liberationnews.org/niger-declares-american-military-presence-illegal-kicks-out-u-s-troops/ “Niger Declares American Military Presence ‘Illegal,’ Kicks out U.S. Troops.”] [[Liberation News]], March 28, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240515133227/https://www.liberationnews.org/niger-declares-american-military-presence-illegal-kicks-out-u-s-troops/ Archived] 2024-05-15.</ref> Prominent US bases in Niger are Air Base 101 in [[Niamey]] and Air Base 201 in [[Agadez]], and a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-run base in [[Dirkou]]. Airbase 201 is the second largest US base in Africa (the largest being in Djibouti).<ref name=":24">Kulkarni, Pavan. [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2024/03/19/why-has-niger-declared-us-military-presence-in-its-territory-illegal/ “Why Has Niger Declared US Military Presence in Its Territory Illegal?”] [[Peoples Dispatch]], March 19, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240414113932/https://peoplesdispatch.org/2024/03/19/why-has-niger-declared-us-military-presence-in-its-territory-illegal/ Archived] 2024-04-14.</ref>  
[[Republic of the Niger|Niger]] has previously been a center for US operations in west and north Africa, as part of a chain of US bases and outposts across the [[Sahel]] region.<ref name=":23">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/17/niger-suspends-military-cooperation-with-us “Niger Suspends Military Cooperation with US: Spokesman.”] Al Jazeera, March 17, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240521080524/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/17/niger-suspends-military-cooperation-with-us Archived] 2024-05-21.</ref><ref>Banks, Chris. [https://www.liberationnews.org/niger-declares-american-military-presence-illegal-kicks-out-u-s-troops/ “Niger Declares American Military Presence ‘Illegal,’ Kicks out U.S. Troops.”] [[Liberation News]], March 28, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240515133227/https://www.liberationnews.org/niger-declares-american-military-presence-illegal-kicks-out-u-s-troops/ Archived] 2024-05-15.</ref> Prominent US bases in Niger are Air Base 101 in [[Niamey]] and Air Base 201 in [[Agadez]], and a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-run base in [[Dirkou]]. Airbase 201 is the second largest US base in Africa (the largest being in [[Republic of Djibouti|Djibouti]]).<ref name=":24">Kulkarni, Pavan. [https://peoplesdispatch.org/2024/03/19/why-has-niger-declared-us-military-presence-in-its-territory-illegal/ “Why Has Niger Declared US Military Presence in Its Territory Illegal?”] [[Peoples Dispatch]], March 19, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240414113932/https://peoplesdispatch.org/2024/03/19/why-has-niger-declared-us-military-presence-in-its-territory-illegal/ Archived] 2024-04-14.</ref>  


In 2023, Niger's newly-formed [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland]] (CNSP) terminated Niger's military agreements with [[French Republic|France]] and ordered the withdrawal of French troops. France initially resisted this and attempted to mobilize the pro-western grouping of [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]] into a war against Niger,<ref>Marie, Kayla. [https://www.liberationnews.org/nigers-new-government-defies-imperialist-backed-ecowas-war-threats/ “Niger’s New Government Defies Imperialist-Backed ECOWAS War Threats.”] Liberation News, August 11, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240523142453/https://www.liberationnews.org/nigers-new-government-defies-imperialist-backed-ecowas-war-threats/ Archived] 2024-05-23.</ref> but eventually stood down and withdrew its troops.<ref name=":24" /> In March of 2024, CNSP suspended Niger's military cooperation with the US.<ref name=":23" />
In 2023, Niger's newly-formed [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland]] (CNSP) terminated Niger's military agreements with [[French Republic|France]] and ordered the withdrawal of French troops. France initially resisted this and attempted to mobilize the pro-western grouping of [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]] into a war against Niger,<ref>Marie, Kayla. [https://www.liberationnews.org/nigers-new-government-defies-imperialist-backed-ecowas-war-threats/ “Niger’s New Government Defies Imperialist-Backed ECOWAS War Threats.”] Liberation News, August 11, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240523142453/https://www.liberationnews.org/nigers-new-government-defies-imperialist-backed-ecowas-war-threats/ Archived] 2024-05-23.</ref> but eventually stood down and withdrew its troops.<ref name=":24" /> In March of 2024, CNSP suspended Niger's military cooperation with the US.<ref name=":23" />
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=== Indo-Pacific ===
=== Indo-Pacific ===
[[File:U.S. Indo-Pacific Command AOR and Selected Bases.png|alt=Map showing USINDOPACOM covering the Pacific and Indian Oceans and much of Asia, as well as multiple locations of U.S. bases throughout the area.|thumb|U.S. Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility and selected U.S. bases.<ref name=":4">[https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2024-03-05_IF12604_16dda9ffa3c9cc7b2e4f90afb51f092e6c63690d.pdf "U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM)."] Congressional Research Service, March 5, 2024.</ref>|249x249px]]
[[File:U.S. Indo-Pacific Command AOR and Selected Bases.png|alt=Map showing USINDOPACOM covering the Pacific and Indian Oceans and much of Asia, as well as multiple locations of U.S. bases throughout the area.|thumb|U.S. Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility and selected U.S. bases.<ref name=":4">[https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2024-03-05_IF12604_16dda9ffa3c9cc7b2e4f90afb51f092e6c63690d.pdf "U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM)."] Congressional Research Service, March 5, 2024.</ref>|249x249px]]
The U.S. designates the area covering the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Indian Ocean]], and much of [[Asia]] as [[United States Indo-Pacific Command|USINDOPACOM]]. It is the oldest and largest of the U.S.'s unified commands, and it has been referred to by the DoD as its "priority theater". The DoD has identified competition with China as the organizing principle of the Indo-Pacific posture since the early 2010s.<ref name=":4" /> Its area of responsibility covers more area than any of the other geographic commands and shares borders with all five of the other geographic commands.<ref>[https://www.pacom.mil/About-USINDOPACOM/USPACOM-Area-of-Responsibility/ "USPACOM Area of Responsibility."] U.S. Indo-Pacific Command.</ref>  
The U.S. designates the area covering the [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Indian Ocean]], and much of [[Asia]] as [[United States Indo-Pacific Command|USINDOPACOM]]. It is the oldest and largest of the U.S.'s unified commands, and it has been referred to by the DOD as its "priority theater". The DOD has identified competition with China as the organizing principle of the Indo-Pacific posture since the early 2010s.<ref name=":4" /> Its area of responsibility covers more area than any of the other geographic commands and shares borders with all five of the other geographic commands.<ref>[https://www.pacom.mil/About-USINDOPACOM/USPACOM-Area-of-Responsibility/ "USPACOM Area of Responsibility."] U.S. Indo-Pacific Command.</ref>  


[[File:Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean with distances to other locations.png|alt=Map shows Diego Garcia situated in the Indian Ocean, with labels stating it is 2000 miles from Somalia; 2290 miles from Aden, Yemen; 2700 miles from Bahrain and Qatar; 2900 miles from Kabul, Afghanistan; 1100 miles from India; 3800 miles from Taiwan strait, 3650 miles from East Timor; 4000 miles from Darwin, Australia; and 3270 miles from Perth, Australia (Fremantle).|thumb|A map of Diego Garcia's location in the Indian Ocean, including labels of distances to various other locations.|245x245px]]U.S. military presence in the Indo-Pacific is headquartered in the occupied nation of Hawaiʻi,<ref name=":3">[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11208 "The Pacific Islands."] Congressional Research Service, January 25, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240211123330/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11208 Archived] 2024-02-11.</ref> whose sovereign government the US Navy overthrew in an 1893 [[Coup d'état|coup]].<ref name=":21">Jon Olsen (2022-11-15). [https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/11/15/hawaii-the-very-first-u-s-regime-change/ "Hawai’i—The Very First U.S. Regime Change."] ''[[CovertAction Magazine]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116072327/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/11/15/hawaii-the-very-first-u-s-regime-change/ Archived] from the original on 2022-11-16.</ref> Some of the US's most significant overseas bases and forces are in the Indo-Pacific, with many positioned in south Korea and Japan, as US strategy in this area targets [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|DPRK]], and [[Russian Federation|Russia]]. This area is the location of the world's largest maritime exercise, the US-led RIMPAC.<ref>Takahashi Kosuke. [https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/us-led-rimpac-worlds-largest-maritime-exercise-starts-without-china-or-taiwan/ “US-Led RIMPAC, World’s Largest Maritime Exercise, Starts without China or Taiwan.”] The Diplomat, July 01 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240226085933/https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/us-led-rimpac-worlds-largest-maritime-exercise-starts-without-china-or-taiwan/ Archived] 2024-02-26.</ref>
[[File:Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean with distances to other locations.png|alt=Map shows Diego Garcia situated in the Indian Ocean, with labels stating it is 2000 miles from Somalia; 2290 miles from Aden, Yemen; 2700 miles from Bahrain and Qatar; 2900 miles from Kabul, Afghanistan; 1100 miles from India; 3800 miles from Taiwan strait, 3650 miles from East Timor; 4000 miles from Darwin, Australia; and 3270 miles from Perth, Australia (Fremantle).|thumb|A map of Diego Garcia's location in the Indian Ocean, including labels of distances to various other locations.|245x245px]]U.S. military presence in the Indo-Pacific is headquartered in the occupied nation of Hawaiʻi,<ref name=":3">[https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11208 "The Pacific Islands."] Congressional Research Service, January 25, 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240211123330/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11208 Archived] 2024-02-11.</ref> whose sovereign government the US Navy overthrew in an 1893 [[Coup d'état|coup]].<ref name=":21">Jon Olsen (2022-11-15). [https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/11/15/hawaii-the-very-first-u-s-regime-change/ "Hawai’i—The Very First U.S. Regime Change."] ''[[CovertAction Magazine]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116072327/https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/11/15/hawaii-the-very-first-u-s-regime-change/ Archived] from the original on 2022-11-16.</ref> Some of the US's most significant overseas bases and forces are in the Indo-Pacific, with many positioned in south Korea and Japan, as US strategy in this area targets [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|DPRK]], and [[Russian Federation|Russia]]. This area is the location of the world's largest maritime exercise, the US-led RIMPAC.<ref>Takahashi Kosuke. [https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/us-led-rimpac-worlds-largest-maritime-exercise-starts-without-china-or-taiwan/ “US-Led RIMPAC, World’s Largest Maritime Exercise, Starts without China or Taiwan.”] The Diplomat, July 01 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240226085933/https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/us-led-rimpac-worlds-largest-maritime-exercise-starts-without-china-or-taiwan/ Archived] 2024-02-26.</ref>
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