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| <blockquote>''"CPC" redirects here. For other uses, see [[CPC (disambiguation)]].''</blockquote>{{Infobox political party
| | {{Infobox political party |
| | name = Communist Party of China | | | name = Communist Party of China |
| | native_name = 中国共产党 | | | native_name = 中国共产党 |
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| | abbreviation = CPC | | | abbreviation = CPC |
| | general_secretary = [[Xi Jinping]] | | | general_secretary = [[Xi Jinping]] |
| | founders = [[Chen Duxiu]]<br />[[Li Dazhao]]<br />[[1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China|1st National Congress]]
| | | founded = 23 July, 1921 |
| | founded = 23 July 1921 | | | newspaper = People's Daily |
| | newspaper = ''[[People's Daily]]'' | | | think_tank = Central Policy Research Office |
| | think_tank = [[Central Policy Research Office]] | | | youth_wing = Communist Youth League of China </br> Young Pioneers of China |
| | youth_wing = [[Communist Youth League of China]]<br />[[Young Pioneers of China]] | | | political_line = Marxism–Leninism </br> Mao Zedong Thought </br> Socialism with Chinese characteristics |
| |membership_year=2022|membership=96,710,000| political_orientation = [[Marxism–Leninism]]<br/>[[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics]] <br />[[Mao Zedong Thought]]<br />[[Deng Xiaoping Theory]]<br />[[Three Represents]]<br />[[Scientific Outlook on Development]]<br />[[Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era]] | | | website = http://cpc.people.com.cn/ |
| |affiliation1_title=International Affiliation|affiliation1=[[IMCWP]] (has not attended any meeting since 2021)| website = http://cpc.people.com.cn/
| | }} |
| }}{{Communist Parties}}
| | The '''Communist Party of China''' is the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese nation. It is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of communism is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party. <ref>[[Library:The constitution of the Communist Party of China/en|The constitution of the Communist Party of China]]</ref> |
| The '''Communist Party of China''' ''(Chinese: 中国共产党; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng)'' is the founding and dominant ruling party of the [[People's Republic of China]]. Founded in 1921, it established the correct path of the new democratic revolution, and liberated the Chinese people. The party has explored the correct revolutionary path of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing political power with armed forces, "awakening millions of workers and peasants" and "taking the whip to beat the enemy", overcoming the "three mountains" of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, and established the People's Republic of China in which the people are the masters of the country.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/25593C5EieghZuzbD145d2q2LqV4MMoLcq-RxYwMQDb15_IOHTAM2dV57yHYlH7Tg3zkIE9s2BIB2U6-Z44cbMyUe8rUsUq_hZQefFT03BFSdSX3YRGYg-Dz A great historical starting point - some important historical facts about the founding of the Communist Party of China] - People's Daily Online </ref><ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/b1acXZaWz3j1QOzUua8Bg7ViZT7rYPPU6dg1LA5r1IWJdBXbwgzxiRzlGKhY29tIfEfbt6-Dt1IJ0iXOLbPVB5YxTYdK1qY0vyiU_uwFWrHjDPck1nJ60vx3REg5rfuyrg3hPX2ExjR0qPE Great Contributions of the Communist Party of China] - The National People's Congress of China</ref> | |
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| The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It represents the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces, the direction of China's advanced culture, and the most fundamental interests of the general public. The party's highest ideal and ultimate goal is to realize communism.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/ef59m0-Nj3veFfu2_U1YwodDrUSiH-S3-FGBPsHP10FHvU3D7AYWRokWJZ9Jl_ESBbF1VPFdu3BkuStW4ZkYnoDT7dkamyEHDpdjMtfgOwP9PhDNfL4icSgYyjcxgCd_cbA Constitution of the CPC] - Xinhua.net</ref> | | == History == |
| | The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded on July 23, 1921, after many years of civil war in which the Communist Party of China (CPC) achieved total victory in mainland China and most of the coastal islands, led the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to defeat the National Army of the Republic of China (ROC), and forced the Republic of China (ROC) into a military coup. |
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| The Communist Party of China takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its own guide to action. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in the country to build a great modern socialist country in an all-round way, realize the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/2c9f1Nbzjcl19TBQ206eQLTLZAETRlH0sWzD2Y2kw_HzT3jSPrE6zYPTJ6is7qgSiXscEQea65d7NX-myJVM8j4SUwj2qeVIQ7WvF-llwyf24VuS2-5ZThdwZ_kriL0fpADMoAk19w Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China] - Xinhuanet </ref><ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/d4f9OKrtCX9mfIkjyi7uALP2gO5dgGKuMhTTYZrDJTKOgEhw9OSVtAUBV7D1lhMeIdYwYr9dGggvHKcZkC36NzZ9BPGPv1fi-qbeVHLh4zT-LbtLjyWOz9kqkUJMiNBtf7ZB Holding high the great banner of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics - the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China Tour] - Xinhuanet </ref><ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/117227/8614cx5nbckD7eEdEoGY1ZKil2SNt-Ge1qzjHhkUWCheyXlijL91iiBta3p16FukowRw0DzEx5c4eLFyL0G7GPVUUVEJ8E3FSaM2cAxoYiK5igmK3ANJhKp_ Xi Jinping: Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Work Together to Build a Modern Socialist Country in an All-round Way—Report at the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China] - Xinhuanet </ref> | | The government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan. Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing in 1949, the only ruling party in the PRC leading the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance and the United Front on behalf of the working class and exercising the people's democratic dictatorship in mainland China since October 1949. |
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| ==History==
| | == References == |
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| ===Founding===
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| The Communist Party of China was founded on July 23, 1921, heavily influenced by the events of the [[May Fourth Movement]] and the [[October Revolution]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Hu Qiaomu|title=Thirty years of the Communist Party of China|city=Beijing|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=1953}}</ref> At its [[1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China|first congress]], the party only had about 50 members.<ref name=":0" /> Although the party was founded on July 23, its anniversary is officially celebrated on July 1. Owing to the shortage of archival materials available at the time, which indicated that the party was founded in July 1921 but did not provide an exact date, in June 1941 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China declared July 1 to be the anniversary of the party's birth. Although historians were later able to determine the exact date to be July 23, the anniversary is still celebrated on July 1.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Xinhua News Agency|title=共产主义小组的建立与中国共产党的成立|date=2004-10-25|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430055514/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-10/25/content_2136770.htm}}</ref>
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| ===Civil war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression===
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| In 1934, the [[Chinese Red Army]] began the [[Long March]] and retreated from Jiangxi to Shaanxi to avoid persecution from the [[Kuomintang]] and established a [[Revolutionary Base Area|revolutionary base]] in Yan'an.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=A preview of key moments in CPC's history|date=2021-07-01|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017010346/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/A-preview-of-key-moments-in-CPC-s-history-11xGQ14vURy/index.html|archive-date=2021-10-17|retrieved=2022-10-16}}</ref>
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| After [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|fascist Japan]] invaded China, the Chinese Red Army became part of the [[Eighth Route Army]].
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| After many years of civil war in which the CPC achieved total victory in mainland China and most of the coastal islands, led the [[People's Liberation Army]] to defeat the [[National Revolutionary Army]] of the [[Republic of China]], and forced the Republic of China into a military coup.
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| ===First Generation===
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| The government of the Republic of China retreated to [[Taiwan]]. [[Mao Zedong]] established the People's Republic of China in Beijing in 1949, the only ruling party in the PRC leading the Workers' and Peasants' Alliance and the United Front on behalf of the working class and exercising the [[People's Democratic Dictatorship]] in mainland China since October 1949.
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| === Second Generation===
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| In 1978, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee approved [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s reform and opening up policy and established several [[Special economic zone|special economic zones]].<ref name=":0" />
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| === Third Generation ===
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| === Fourth Generation ===
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| === Fifth Generation===
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| By 2021, the CPC had reached over 90 million members.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Qiao Collective]]|title=Reflections on the Communist Party of China’s Centenary|date=2021-07-08|url=https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718160239/https://www.qiaocollective.com/articles/cpc-centenary|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-09-11}}</ref>
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| ==Demographics ==
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| In 2020, the Communist Party of China had 91,914,000 members, about 6.57% of the population of China. In 2017, about 26.7% of members were women.<ref>https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-06-30/doc-ihespqrx6865303.shtml</ref> In 2015, roughly 30% were farmers, herdsmen or fishermen, 25% were white collar workers, 18% were retirees, and 8% were government employees.<ref>https://daily.jstor.org/communist-party-of-china/</ref>
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| On July 2, 2001, [[Jiang Zemin]] allowed the possibility of membership to be extended to billionaires.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/07/02/china-allows-its-capitalists-to-join-party/98c51d3e-590c-4f1b-a52a-132b3def1281/</ref> Despite this, the Politburo and Central Committee are barred to these billionaires. The National People's Congress and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference also includes parties that aren't the CPC. 2,980 seats are available in the National People's Congress, only 45 are held by the capitalist class. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference includes the regions of [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|Hong Kong]] and [[Macao Special Administrative Region|Macau]], religious bodies and non-CPC members. Only 59 out of 2,200 available seats are held by the capitalist class.<ref name=":1">[https://mpbritt.com/class-analysis-of-the-communist-party-of-china-using-2019-party-data/ Class Analysis of the CPC in 2019]- MpBritt</ref>
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| In 2019, the breakdown is at least 66.14% working class/peasantry, 28.37% undefined class status, and 5.5% capitalists (the extra 0.01% comes from rounding the two halves of White Collar Management up by 0.005% each). Even if we put all of those from an undefined class status, still about two-thirds of the party are workers/peasants. If we put them as aligned with the working class the percentage would be 94.51%. But even if we were the least generous as possible then we’d still end up with over half the party members being of a working-class/peasant background, so no matter how you cut it, the CPC is primarily made up of workers and peasants.<ref name=":1" />
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| ==Controversies==
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| ===Disputed English nomenclature===
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| The CPC is incorrectly referred to as "Chinese Communist Party" (CCP) in [[Western media]], despite the CPC declaring "Communist Party of China" to be the official English translation of its native name. This is used in order to promote [[Sinophobia]], as well as for propaganda against China (due to the similarity of the acronym CCP to the Cyrillic acronym of the [[USSR]], which is CCCP, thus evoking memories of the [[Red Scare]]).
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| ==Structure==
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| Members are recursively grouped into party branches; higher-level party branches regulate lower-level branches. When a branch exceeds a manageable size, it becomes managed by a higher-level branch of the parent branch. In June 2021, the CPC had 4.86 million grassroots organizations, 2,771 county organizations, 397 city organizations, and 31 province-level organizations.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=[[China Global Television Network]]|title=Who Runs the CPC|url=https://news.cgtn.com/event/2021/who-runs-the-cpc/index.html}}</ref>
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| === Grassroots branches ===
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| A party branch must have at least three members. Branches with eight to 50 members elect a Party Branch Committee with three to five members. Multiple small branches with a total of between 50 and 100 branches are grouped into a General Party Branch, which elects a committee to lead it. If there are between 100 and 500 total members, all members of the branches meet to elect a Primary Party Committee. Groups of branches with more than 500 members send delegates to a convention to elect the Primary Party Committee.<ref name=":2" />
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| === Local and regional levels ===
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| Delegates from grassroots branches hold congresses at county, city, and provincial levels every five years. County congresses have 200 to 400 delegates, city congresses have 300 to 500, and provincial congresses have 400 to 800. These congresses elect party committees for provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, cities, prefectures, counties, and autonomous counties.<ref name=":2" />
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| === National level ===
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| The CPC holds a National Congress once every five years and elects a Central Committee. Delegates from the National Congress come from 40 electoral units. 34 are based on regions and the other six are from the central government. The Central Committee elects a Politburo of 25 members and a Politburo Standing Committee of seven members, including the General Secretary.<ref name=":2" />
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| == List of leaders ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !Name
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| !Native Name
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| !Position
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| !Assumed office
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| !Left Ofice
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| |-
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| |'''Chen Duxiu'''
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| |陳獨秀
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| |General Secretary
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| |23 July 1921
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| |1 July 1928
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| |-
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| |'''Xiang Zhongfa'''
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| |向忠发
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| |General Secretary
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| |1 July 1928
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| |24 June 1931 (died in office)
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| |-
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| |Bo Gu
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| |'''博古'''
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| |General Secretary
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| |September 1931
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| |17 January 1935
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| |-
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| |'''Zhang Wentian'''
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| |张闻天
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| |General Secretary
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| |17 January 1935
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| |20 March 1943
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| |-
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| |[[Mao Zedong]]
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| |毛泽东
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| |Chairman
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| |20 March 1943
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| |9 September 1976 (died in office)
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| |-
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| |[[Hua Guofeng]]
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| |华国锋
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| |Chairman
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| |7 October 1976
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| |28 June 1981
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| |-
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| |[[Hu Yaobang]]
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| |胡耀邦
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| |Chairman, General Secretary
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| |29 June 1981
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| |15 January 1987
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| |-
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| |[[Zhao Ziyang]]
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| |赵紫阳
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| |General Secretary
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| |15 January 1987
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| |24 June 1989
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| |-
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| |[[Jiang Zemin]]
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| |江泽民
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| |General Secretary
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| |24 June 1989
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| |15 November 2002
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| |-
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| |[[Hu Jintao]]
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| |胡锦涛
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| |General Secretary
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| |15 November 2002
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| |15 November 2012
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| |-
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| |[[Xi Jinping]]
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| |习近平 / 習近平
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| |General Secretary
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| |15 November 2012
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| |Incumbent
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| |}
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics]]
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| * [[Reform and Opening Up]]
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| == Further reading ==
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| * ''[[Library:A Concise History of the Communist Party of China|A Concise History of the Communist Party of China]]''
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| ==References== | |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| [[Category:Communist parties]]
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| [[Category:People's Republic of China]]
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| [[Category:Communist Party of China]]
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| [[Category:Political parties]]
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| [[Category:Pages to be protected]]
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