Editing Islamic Republic of Iran

{{External article cleanup|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Islamic Republic of Iran|native_name=جمهوری اسلامی ایران|largest_city=Tehran|capital=Tehran|government_type=Capitalist presidential republic|leader_title1=Leader<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mfa.ir/portal/viewpage/3996|author=Islamic Republic of Iran|title=General View of Iran}}</ref>|leader_title2=President|established_date1=1979 Feb 12th|population_estimate_year=2017|population_estimate=79,926,270|religion=Islam|official_languages=Persian|national_motto=Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic|leader_name2=Dr. Hassan Rohani|established_event1=[[Iranian revolution]]|leader_name4=Mohammad Ghalibaf|leader_name3=Eshaq Jahangiri|leader_title4=Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly|leader_title3=Vice President|leader_name1=Great Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei|currency=Iranian Rial|area_km2=1,648,195|image_flag=Iranian flag.png}}

The '''Islamic Republic of Iran''', also called '''Persia'''<ref name="Fishman">{{cite book|last=A. Fishman|first=Joshua|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives (Volume 1)|year=2010|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-537492-6|page=266|quote=" "Iran" and "Persia" are synonymous" The former has always been used by the Iranian speaking peoples themselves, while the latter has served as the international name of the country in various languages}}</ref> and '''Iran''', is a country in Western Asia. It is the second-largest country in the [[Middle East]], and its capital and largest city is [[Tehran]].

Iran's geography makes it geo-strategically important for the modern global oil markets, as it is the northern coast of the Straight of Hormuz which is a maritime chokepoint through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and a quarter of global oil trade passes through.

Iran's economy is dominated by state-owned enterprises, which make up 60% of the total GDP. 

A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30 percent of central government spending.<ref name="GSO">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/mjf.htm Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan Oppressed and Disabled Veterans Foundation (MJF)]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved February 6, 2011.</ref>

Historically, Iran has had ties with the Black liberation movement and the Nation of Islam.<ref>[https://historicly.substack.com/p/the-nation-of-islamic-republic-of?justPublished=true The Nation of Islamic Republic of Iran with Setareh Sadeqi] on Historic.ly podcast by Esha  Krishnaswamy and Robert Grannies  - Aug 22</ref>

== History ==
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,<ref>{{cite book|author=Whatley, Christopher|date=2001|title=Bought and Sold for English Gold: The Union of 1707|publisher=Tuckwell Press|author-link=Christopher Whatley}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Lowell Barrington|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLLuWYL8gTsC&pg=PA121|access-date=21 June 2013|date=2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-111-34193-0|page=121}}</ref> beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC.

In 1953, the CIA overthrew democratically elected prime minister [[Mohammad Mossaddegh]] after he threatened to nationalize the oil industry, which would decrease profits for British companies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Scott A. Koch|year=1998|title=THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND THE FALL OF IRANIAN PRIME MINISTER MOHAMMED MOSSADEQ, AUGUST 1953|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran980600.pdf|city=Washington, DC|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> After the coup, Mossaddegh was replaced by the autocrat [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].

After the 1979 Iranian revolution, the Bonyads were nationalized and renamed with the declared intention of redistributing income to the poor and families of martyrs.<ref>https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-para-governmental-organizations-bonyads</ref>

The modern Government of Iran is an [[Islamic republic]] which includes elements of a [[Presidential system|presidential democracy]], which was installed by a [[Iranian Revolution|popular revolution]] against the US-backed Monarchy of the Shah.

In January 2020, General [[Qasem Soleimani]] was assassinated by the United States with a drone strike.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Tom O'Connor, James Laporta|date=2020-01-02|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|newspaper=Newsweek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=2020-01-03|retrieved=2022-01-03}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Members of the Non-Aligned Movement]]
[[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
[[Category:Countries targeted by imperialist aggression]]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox country|name=Islamic Republic of Iran|native_name=جمهوری اسلامی ایران|largest_city=Tehran|image_coat=Emblem of Iran.svg|capital=Tehran|mode_of_production=[[State capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential [[theocratic]] Islamic republic under a [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]]|leader_title1=Leader<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://en.mfa.ir/portal/viewpage/3996|author=Islamic Republic of Iran|title=General View of Iran}}</ref>|leader_title2=President|established_date1=1979 Feb 12th|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate=89,745,530|religion=[[Islam]]|official_languages=Persian|national_motto=Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic|image_map=Iran map.svg|map_width=290|leader_name2=[[Mohammad Mokhber]] (acting)|established_event1=[[Iranian revolution]]|leader_name4=[[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]|leader_name3=Mohammad Mokhber|leader_title4=Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly|leader_title3=Vice President|leader_name1=[[Ali Khamenei]]|currency=Iranian Rial|area_km2=1,648,195|image_flag=Flag of Iran.svg}}
+{{External article cleanup|date=November 2021}}
-The '''Islamic Republic of Iran''', also called '''Persia'''<ref name="Fishman">{{Citation|author=Joshua A. Fishman|year=2010|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives (Volume 1)|page=266|isbn=978-0-19-537492-6|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote="Iran" and "Persia" are synonymous. The former has always been used by the Iranian speaking peoples themselves, while the latter has served as the international name of the country in various languages}}</ref> and '''Iran''', is the second largest country in [[West Asia|Western Asia]]. It is bordered by [[Republic of Iraq|Iraq]], [[Republic of Türkiye|Turkey]], [[Republic of Armenia|Armenia]], [[Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan|Pakistan]] as well as having a northern coast on the [[Caspian Sea]] and a southern coast on the [[Persian Gulf]]. The modern government of Iran is an [[Islamic republic]] that includes elements of a [[Presidential system|presidential democracy]], which was installed by a [[Iranian Revolution|popular revolution]] against the [[United States of America|USA]]-backed monarchy of the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah]].
+{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Islamic Republic of Iran|native_name=جمهوری اسلامی ایران|largest_city=Tehran|capital=Tehran|government_type=Capitalist presidential republic|leader_title1=Leader<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mfa.ir/portal/viewpage/3996|author=Islamic Republic of Iran|title=General View of Iran}}</ref>|leader_title2=President|established_date1=1979 Feb 12th|population_estimate_year=2017|population_estimate=79,926,270|religion=Islam|official_languages=Persian|national_motto=Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic|leader_name2=Dr. Hassan Rohani|established_event1=[[Iranian revolution]]|leader_name4=Mohammad Ghalibaf|leader_name3=Eshaq Jahangiri|leader_title4=Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly|leader_title3=Vice President|leader_name1=Great Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei|currency=Iranian Rial|area_km2=1,648,195|image_flag=Iranian flag.png}}
-Iran is a frequent target of US and [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] aggression, which is justified through fearmongering over the prospect of Iran starting a [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear]] war, despite them having no motive to do so. The acts of aggression perpetrated by NATO include the use of sanctions to restrict access to essentials such as medicine, which harms the entire population. Because of this, Iran often forms strategic alliances with other anti-NATO forces, including [[Russian Federation|Russia]], [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]], [[Hezbollah]] and some [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] organisations such as the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP). However, it should be noted that the Iranian state is [[Capitalism|capitalist]] and therefore actively suppresses Marxist ideology within Iran itself.
+The '''Islamic Republic of Iran''', also called '''Persia'''<ref name="Fishman">{{cite book|last=A. Fishman|first=Joshua|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives (Volume 1)|year=2010|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-537492-6|page=266|quote=" "Iran" and "Persia" are synonymous" The former has always been used by the Iranian speaking peoples themselves, while the latter has served as the international name of the country in various languages}}</ref> and '''Iran''', is a country in Western Asia. It is the second-largest country in the [[Middle East]], and its capital and largest city is [[Tehran]].
-Iran's geography makes it geo-strategically important for the modern global oil markets, as it is the northern coast of the [[Strait of Hormuz]] which is a maritime chokepoint through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and a quarter of global oil trade passes through. Iran's economy is dominated by state-owned enterprises, which make up 60% of the total GDP. A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called [[Bonyad]], whose combined budgets represent more than 30 percent of central government spending.<ref name="GSO">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/mjf.htm Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan Oppressed and Disabled Veterans Foundation (MJF)]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved February 6, 2011.</ref>
+Iran's geography makes it geo-strategically important for the modern global oil markets, as it is the northern coast of the Straight of Hormuz which is a maritime chokepoint through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and a quarter of global oil trade passes through.
-Historically, Iran has had ties with the Black liberation movement and the [[Nation of Islam]].<ref>[https://historicly.substack.com/p/the-nation-of-islamic-republic-of?justPublished=true The Nation of Islamic Republic of Iran with Setareh Sadeqi] on Historic.ly podcast by Esha  Krishnaswamy and Robert Grannies  - Aug 22</ref>
+Iran's economy is dominated by state-owned enterprises, which make up 60% of the total GDP.
-==History==
+A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30 percent of central government spending.<ref name="GSO">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/mjf.htm Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan Oppressed and Disabled Veterans Foundation (MJF)]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved February 6, 2011.</ref>
-=== Early history ===
+Historically, Iran has had ties with the Black liberation movement and the Nation of Islam.<ref>[https://historicly.substack.com/p/the-nation-of-islamic-republic-of?justPublished=true The Nation of Islamic Republic of Iran with Setareh Sadeqi] on Historic.ly podcast by Esha  Krishnaswamy and Robert Grannies  - Aug 22</ref>
-Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,<ref>{{Citation|author=Christopher Whatley|year=2001|title=Bought and Sold for English Gold: The Union of 1707|publisher=Tuckwell Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Lowell Barrington|year=2012|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices|page=121|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLLuWYL8gTsC&pg=PA121|isbn=978-1-111-34193-0|publisher=Cengage Learning}}</ref> beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE.
-=== Ancient Iran ===
+== History ==
-{{Main article|Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE)}}
+Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,<ref>{{cite book|author=Whatley, Christopher|date=2001|title=Bought and Sold for English Gold: The Union of 1707|publisher=Tuckwell Press|author-link=Christopher Whatley}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Lowell Barrington|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLLuWYL8gTsC&pg=PA121|access-date=21 June 2013|date=2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-111-34193-0|page=121}}</ref> beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC.
-=== Sasanian Empire ===
+In 1953, the CIA overthrew democratically elected prime minister [[Mohammad Mossaddegh]] after he threatened to nationalize the oil industry, which would decrease profits for British companies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Scott A. Koch|year=1998|title=THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND THE FALL OF IRANIAN PRIME MINISTER MOHAMMED MOSSADEQ, AUGUST 1953|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran980600.pdf|city=Washington, DC|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> After the coup, Mossaddegh was replaced by the autocrat [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].
-{{Main article|Kingdom of the Iranians (224–651)}}
-=== Safavid Iran ===
-{{Main article|Safavid Empire (1501–1736)}}
-=== Qajar Iran ===
-{{Main article|Sublime State of Iran (1789–1925)}}
-=== Pahlavi monarchy ===
-{{Main article|Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)}}
-When [[Reza Shah]] came to power in 1925, he arrested the leadership of the [[Communist Party of Persia]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Enemy of Imperialism|page=78|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>
-In 1951, the Iranian parliament nationalized the [[Anglo-Iranian Oil Company]]. [[Muhammed Mosaddeq]] and his [[National Front (Iran)|National Front]] founded the National Iranian Oil Company, which later inspired the [[Free Officers]] in [[Arab Republic of Egypt|Egypt]].<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Tehran|page=75–77|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
-==== 1953 coup d'état ====
-After the Shah refused to give Parliament control of the military, Mosaddeq resigned. The United States forced the National Front to crush the [[Tudeh Party of Iran|Tudeh Party]], which had 25,000 cadre and 335,000 [[Trade union|union]] members. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], led by [[Kermit Roosevelt]], then overthrew the elected government and installed the Shah to rule as an absolute monarch. The Shah killed thousands of communists and nationalists.<ref name=":1" />
-=== Islamic Republic ===
 After the 1979 Iranian revolution, the Bonyads were nationalized and renamed with the declared intention of redistributing income to the poor and families of martyrs.<ref>https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-para-governmental-organizations-bonyads</ref>
-In January 2020, the United States murdered General [[Qasem Soleimani]] in a drone strike.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Tom O'Connor, James Laporta|date=2020-01-02|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|newspaper=Newsweek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=2020-01-03|retrieved=2022-01-03}}</ref>
+The modern Government of Iran is an [[Islamic republic]] which includes elements of a [[Presidential system|presidential democracy]], which was installed by a [[Iranian Revolution|popular revolution]] against the US-backed Monarchy of the Shah.
-In June 2022, Iran signed a bilateral trade agreement with the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] at the Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[TeleSur]]|title=Iran and Donetsk Sign Agreement To Strengthen Trade Relations|date=2022-06-18|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Iran-and-Donetsk-Sign-Agreement-To-Strengthen-Trade-Relations-20220618-0007.html}}</ref> Iran also signed a cooperation plan with [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]] and Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]] said that Iran and Venezuela "have closer ties with each other than any other country."<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Benjamin Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’|date=2022-06-11|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624234526/https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-date=2022-06-24|retrieved=2022-06-28}}</ref>
+In January 2020, General [[Qasem Soleimani]] was assassinated by the United States with a drone strike.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Tom O'Connor, James Laporta|date=2020-01-02|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|newspaper=Newsweek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=2020-01-03|retrieved=2022-01-03}}</ref>
 ==References==
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 [[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
 [[Category:Countries targeted by imperialist aggression]]
-[[Category:Global south]]
-[[Category:Asian countries]]
-[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]
-[[Category:Anti-imperialist states]]