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| {{Infobox political party
| | {{Communist Parties}}The '''Japanese Communist Party''' (日本共産党) is a communist party in [[Japan]] that was founded in 1922. |
| |name=Japanese Communist Party
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| |native_name=日本共産党
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| |logo=File:Nihon Kyōsantō Logo.svg|logo_alt=Nihon Kyōsantō in Bold and Red.
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| |caption=''Nihon Kyōsantō''
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| |abbreviation=JCP
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| |newspaper=''[[Shimbun Akahata]]''
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| |membership_year=2022
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| |membership=260,000<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/english/what-jcp.html|title=A Profile of the Japanese Communist Party|date=November 1, 2022}}</ref>
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| |website=[https://jcp.or.jp jcp.or.jp]
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| |seats1_title = House of Representatives
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| |seats1 = 10 seats out of 465 seats <!-- {{Infobox political party/seats|50|100|hex=#ff0000}} -->
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| |seats2_title=House of Councilors
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| |seats2=11 seats out of 242 seats
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| |foundation={{birth date and age|1922|7|15}}
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| |political_orientation=[[Marxism]]
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| }}
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| {{Communist Parties}} | |
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| The '''Japanese Communist Party'''<ref group=lower-alpha>''Japanese: 日本共産党''</ref> ('''JCP''') is a communist party in [[Japan]] that was founded in 1922. | |
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| In October 13th 2022, the JCP opposed [[Russia]] in the [[2022 Russo-Ukranian conflict|Ukraine proxy war]].<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.jcp.or.jp/english/jcpcc/blog/2022/10/UNGA-resolution-Ukraine.html|title=Responding to the UNGA resolution, Russia should stop its unlawful aggression and annexation, and immediately withdraw all of its military force. The JCP calls for maximum diplomatic efforts for a peaceful political resolution|author=Japanese Communist Party Executive Committee Chair Shii Kazuo|date=2022-10-13}}</ref>
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| == History == | | == History == |
| | | The Japanese Communist Party was founded in 1922 and was soon outlawed by the imperial government's Peace Preservation Law. In 1932 in [[Moscow]], [[Sanzo Nosaka]], the party's representative to the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]] wrote the 1932 Thesis, one of the leading documents of the party. During the [[Second World War]], Nosaka fled to [[China]] and joined the [[Chinese Red Army]] to fight against the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Empire of Japan]]. He founded the [[Japanese People's Emancipation League]], which attracted Japanese deserters and POWs to fight for [[socialism]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Comrade Saoirse|title=The Japanese Communist Party during World War II|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dw1ZTewxhvCkO-VDBhDeYqpvdP4oittFpyu0y24ScjQ/mobilebasic|retrieved=2022-05-15}}</ref> |
| === Founding ===
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| The Japanese Communist Party was founded in 1922 and was soon outlawed by the imperial government's Peace Preservation Law.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fukumoto Kazuo]] advocated for "unity in separation" and ideological purity, which the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]] denounced as [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-left]] in 1927. The 1927 Comintern Theses argued that [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] still needed a [[bourgeois-democratic revolution]] against the emperor and [[Landlord|landlordism]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Gavin Walker|newspaper=[[MR Online]]|title=Marxist theory in Japan: A critical overview|date=2024-04-06|url=https://mronline.org/2024/04/06/marxist-theory-in-japan-a-critical-overview/|retrieved=2024-04-07}}</ref> | |
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| === Fascist period ===
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| By the 1930s, two factions had emerged: the smaller ''Rōnō'' faction that defined the 1868 [[Meiji Restoration]] as a full bourgeois-democratic revolution and the larger ''Kōza'' faction that defined it as an incomplete [[bourgeois revolution]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1932 in [[Moscow]], [[Nosaka Sanzō]], the party's representative to the Comintern, wrote the 1932 Thesis,<ref name=":0" /> aligning with the ''Kōza'' position. Party leader [[Noro Eitarō]] completed the ''Lectures on the History of Development of Japanese Capitalism'' in 1932, aligning with the 1932 Thesis, and died in prison in 1934.<ref name=":1" />
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| During the [[Second World War]], Nosaka fled to [[China]] and joined the [[Chinese Red Army]] to fight against the Empire of Japan. He founded the [[Japanese People's Emancipation League]], which attracted Japanese deserters and POWs to fight for [[socialism]].<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Comrade Saoirse|title=The Japanese Communist Party during World War II|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dw1ZTewxhvCkO-VDBhDeYqpvdP4oittFpyu0y24ScjQ/mobilebasic|retrieved=2022-05-15}}</ref> | |
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| === Postwar period ===
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| [[Tokuda Kyūichi]], who had spent 18 years in prison under the Peace Preservation Law, became leader of the party after the war. In 1946, [[Douglas MacArthur]] began the Red Purges against the party due to its popular support. The party went underground and called for armed [[national liberation]] struggle against the USA. The party incorrectly focused on the countryside and attempted to start a [[People's war|protracted people's war]] led by the [[peasantry]].<ref name=":1" />
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| The JCP's Sixth Congress in 1955 rejected armed struggle and considered the return to the villages to be ultra-left [[adventurism]]. Due to its [[Reformism|reformist]] deviations, it failed to lead the 1960 [[Anpo protests]] against the USA-Japan Joint Security Treaty.<ref name=":1" />
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| == Positions ==
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references />
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| ===Notes===
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| <references group=lower-alpha />
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| [[Category:Communist parties]]
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| [[Category:Socialism in Japan]]
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