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|image_flag=Flag of Zimbabwe.svg.png|image_coat=Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg.png|capital=[[Harare]]|largest_city=Harare|mode_of_production=Capitalism|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]|leader_title2=Vice-President|leader_name2=[[Constantino Chiwenga]]|national_motto=Unity, Freedom, Work|image_map=Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg|map_width=260|official_languages=[[Chewa language|Chewa]], [[Chibarwe]], [[English]] (used in education, government, and commerce), [[Kalanga language|Kalanga]], [[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]], [[Nambya language|Nambya]], [[Ndau language|Ndau]], [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], [[Shangani language|Shangani]], [[Shona language|Shona]], [[Zimbabwean sign language]], [[Sotho language|Sotho]], [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Venda language|Venda]], and [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]|demonym=Zimbabwean|established_event1=[[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Declaration of Independence]]|established_date1=11 November 1965|established_event2=[[Republic of Rhodesia]]|established_date2=2 March 1970|established_event3=[[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]|established_date3=1 June 1979|established_event4=[[House Lancaster Agreement]]|established_date4=18 April 1980|established_event5=[[2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe|Current constitution]]|established_date5=15 May 2013|area_km2=390,757|area_rank=60th|population_estimate=15,178,979<ref>https://zimbabwe.opendataforafrica.org/anjlptc/2022-population-housing-census-preliminary</ref>|population_estimate_year=2022|currency=[[Zimbabwean dollar (2019–present)|Zimbabwean dollar]]<br/>[[United States dollar]]}} | |image_flag=Flag of Zimbabwe.svg.png|image_coat=Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg.png|capital=[[Harare]]|largest_city=Harare|mode_of_production=Capitalism|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]|leader_title2=Vice-President|leader_name2=[[Constantino Chiwenga]]|national_motto=Unity, Freedom, Work|image_map=Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg|map_width=260|official_languages=[[Chewa language|Chewa]], [[Chibarwe]], [[English]] (used in education, government, and commerce), [[Kalanga language|Kalanga]], [[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]], [[Nambya language|Nambya]], [[Ndau language|Ndau]], [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], [[Shangani language|Shangani]], [[Shona language|Shona]], [[Zimbabwean sign language]], [[Sotho language|Sotho]], [[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Venda language|Venda]], and [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]|demonym=Zimbabwean|established_event1=[[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Declaration of Independence]]|established_date1=11 November 1965|established_event2=[[Republic of Rhodesia]]|established_date2=2 March 1970|established_event3=[[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]|established_date3=1 June 1979|established_event4=[[House Lancaster Agreement]]|established_date4=18 April 1980|established_event5=[[2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe|Current constitution]]|established_date5=15 May 2013|area_km2=390,757|area_rank=60th|population_estimate=15,178,979<ref>https://zimbabwe.opendataforafrica.org/anjlptc/2022-population-housing-census-preliminary</ref>|population_estimate_year=2022|currency=[[Zimbabwean dollar (2019–present)|Zimbabwean dollar]]<br/>[[United States dollar]]}} | ||
'''Zimbabwe''', officially the '''Republic of Zimbabwe''', is a landlocked country located in Southeast [[Africa]]. It is bordered by [[Republic of South Africa|South Africa]] to the south, [[Botswana]] to the south-west, [[Zambia]] to the north, and [[Mozambique]] to the east. | '''Zimbabwe''', officially the '''Republic of Zimbabwe''', is a landlocked country located in Southeast [[Africa]]. It is bordered by [[Republic of South Africa|South Africa]] to the south, [[Botswana]] to the south-west, [[Zambia]] to the north, and [[Mozambique]] to the east. | ||
Zimbabwe has been subjected to intense [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] from [[Imperialism|imperialist]] powers, mainly in response to land reform policies that | The capital and largest city is [[Harare]]. Zimbabwe has been subjected to intense [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] from [[Imperialism|imperialist]] powers, mainly in response to land reform policies that expropriated land from white [[Settler colonialism|settlers]].<ref name=":0">Covington, Arthur. [https://www.liberationnews.org/05-06-01-zimbabwes-people-reject-imperia-html/ “Zimbabwe’s People Reject Imperialist Intervention.”] Liberation News. June 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221115033441/https://www.liberationnews.org/05-06-01-zimbabwes-people-reject-imperia-html/ Archived] 2022-11-15.</ref> | ||
The area that is now modern Zimbabwe was known during the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] period as [[Southern Rhodesia]], named for imperialist [[Bourgeoisie|businessman]] [[Cecil Rhodes]]. In 1965, the | The area that is now modern Zimbabwe was known during the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] period as [[Southern Rhodesia]], named for imperialist [[Bourgeoisie|businessman]] [[Cecil Rhodes]], who made his fortune in consolidating diamond mines. In 1965, the colony renamed itself [[Rhodesia]] and broke from the United Kingdom with the express purpose of maintaining white rule.<ref>''The New York Times''. [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/magazine/rhodesia-zimbabwe-white-supremacists.html “Rhodesia’s Dead — but White Supremacists Have given It New Life Online (Published 2018)”] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221110160109/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/magazine/rhodesia-zimbabwe-white-supremacists.html Archived] 2022-11-10.</ref> | ||
An article in [[Liberation News|''Liberation News'']] describes the | An article in [[Liberation News|''Liberation News'']] describes the western imperialist hostility toward Zimbabwe, saying: "hostility stems first and foremost from the fact that Zimbabwe's government has its origin in the armed struggle that ended the Western-backed [[Racism|racist]], [[Fascism|fascist]] settler regime. [[United States of America|U.S.]] and British opposition to the government reached a crescendo as the [[Robert Mugabe|Mugabe]] government moved to confiscate and redistribute the commercial agricultural land owned by white farmers. This land constituted 70 percent of the country’s prime farmlands."<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== History == | == History == |