Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League

Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
Abbreviation	UNIA-ACL
Founders	Marcus Garvey, Amy Ashwood Garvey
Founded	1914
Newspaper	Negro World
Political orientation	Garveyism Black Nationalism Pan-Africanism

The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) is a Garveyite political organization founded by Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant to the United States, and Amy Ashwood Garvey. At it's peak, the UNIA-ACL had established branches and chapters from the United States to India and was running numerous newspapers in the European colonies in Africa, many of which were the first black-owned media outlets since European colonization. The UNIA's revolutionary and ambitious program, which was the first to call for the unification of the Negro communities of the world under the United States of Africa, came to shape modern day Pan-African political discourse. One of the organization's most famous work was the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, which contains a denunciation of white supremacy and calls for the self-determination of black communities. Marcus Garvey and the UNIA-ACL carries a long list of political influences, containing figures such as George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah, Patrice Lumumba, Seku Ture, Muammar Gaddafi, Malcolm X, ect.