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Chinggis Khan ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | |
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| Born | Temüjin c. 1162 Khentii Mountains, Khamag Mongol |
| Died | 25 August 1227 Xingqing, Western Xia |
| Nationality | Mongol |
Chinggis Khan (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – 25 August 1227), commonly known as Genghis Khan, was the founder and first leader of the Great Mongol Nation.
Early life
Temüjin was born in 1162 at Delüün Boldog on the Onon river. His great-grandfather, Khabul Khan, was the first leader of the Khamag Mongol confederation, and Temüjin's father, Yesugei Bator, was a powerful feudal lord. In 1166, Yesugei died after Tatars poisoned him, and his state collapsed.[1]:106
Rise to power
After his father's death, Temüjin made an alliance with Toghrul, khan of the Keraites, and Jamukha and defeated the Merkit confederation. Temüjin then fought against Jamukha over control of the Khamag. He became khan in 1190 after offering generous rewards to Jamukha's followers if they switched sides. Jamukha then fought Temüjin again with the support of the Tatars, Oirats, and others but was defeated.
Around 1200, Temüjin and Toghrul joined a Chinese campaign against the Tatars. In 1202, Temüjin agreed to fight the Tatars while Toghrul would fight the Merkits. Temüjin destroyed the Tatars in late 1202, and Toghrul turned against him soon after and wanted to rule the defeated tribes himself. Between 1204 and 1206, Temüjin united all of Mongolia under his rule.[1]:106–8
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 A. A. Guber, et al. (1973). History of the Mongolian People's Republic. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences.