Mao Zedong

Chairman Mao Zedong 毛泽东
Portrait of comrade Mao
Born	(1893-12-26)December 26, 1893 Shaoshan, Hunan, Qing dynasty
Died	September 9, 1976(1976-09-09) (aged 82) Beijing, People's Republic of China
Cause of death	Heart attack associated with old age
Nationality	Chinese
Political orientation	Marxism-Leninism (developed what is now known as Mao Zedong Thought) Anti-imperialism
Political party	Communist Party of China

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Mao Zedong (December 26th, 1893 — September 9th, 1976) was a Chinese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary who lead the Chinese people to their proletarian revolution and served as the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976. Under Mao's rule, China's life expectancy increased from 35 to 65 years and industrial production increased by an average of 11% annually. Per capita food production increased by 60% and total food production increased by over 169%.

Comrade Mao's contributions to the development of Marxism-Leninism, military theory, and the theory of communist party organization are known in China as Mao Zedong Thought. Mao Zedong was also a poet and calligrapher.

Early life (1893-1910)

1893

Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893 in a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan.

1902-1909

Went to study in six private schools in Shaoshan, his hometown, and receive a traditional Chinese education.

1910

In autumn, he was admitted to Dongshan Higher Primary School in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. During this period, he was influenced by the reformist thoughts of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.

Political Beginnings (1911 - 1920)

1911

In the spring, He went to Changsha and was admitted to Xiangxiang High School in the province. During the period, He read the " Minli Daily " run by the Tongmenghui , and under its influence, He wrote an article expressing support for Sun Yat-sen and the Tongmenghui 's program.

In October, in response to the Revolution of 1911 , he joined the army and served as a private soldier in the Hunan New Army. He ended up quitting after half a year.

1913

In the spring, he entered the preparatory course of Hunan Provincial Fourth Normal School.

1914

In autumn, he was enrolled in the eighth undergraduate class of Hunan Provincial First Normal School . While in school, under the influence of Yang Changji and other progressive teachers, he became an enthusiastic reader of " New Youth " magazine and admired Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi .

1918

On April 14, together with Xiao Zisheng , He Shuheng , Cai Hesen and others, he initiated the establishment of Xinmin Society .

In June, graduated from Hunan Provincial First Normal School.

In August, he went to Beijing for the first time to organize Hunan's work-study program in France. During his stay in Beijing, he served as the librarian of Peking University , and with the help of Li Dazhao and others, he began to accept the ideological influence of the Russian October Revolution .

1919

On April 6, He returned to Changsha from Shanghai.

In May, in response to the May 4th Movement , the Hunan Student Union was established to lead the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of Hunan students.

On July 14, the journal " Xiangjiang Review " edited by the Hunan Student Union was launched in Changsha. From July to August, he continuously wrote and published the long article "The Great Union of the People".

On October 5, his mother Wen died of illness, and upon hearing the news, he rushed back to Shaoshan from Changsha. On the 8th, " Mother's Essay " was written in front of the mother's spirit.

In December, he went to Beijing for the second time to lead the campaign to expel Zhang Jingyao , a warlord in Hunan. During his stay in Beijing, he read Marxist books such as The Communist Manifesto .

1920

In May and June, He met Chen Duxiu in Shanghai and discussed with him the Marxist books I had read.

At the beginning of August, together with Yi Lirong and others, he founded the Cultural Publishing House in Changsha to spread Marxism and new culture.

From August to September, he participated in the preparation for the establishment of the Russian Research Association.

On November 25, wrote to Luo Zhanglong , proposing that Xinmin Society, "It is better to become a combination of doctrines. Doctrines are like a flag. Only when the flag is erected can everyone have something to look forward to and know where to go."

In November, organized the Changsha Communist Group with He Shuheng and others.

On December 1, he sent a letter to Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and other members who were working and studying in France. The letter stated that he accepted Marxism and followed the path of the Russian October Revolution. Prepared to build the Socialist Youth League in Changsha. He then got married to Yang Kaihui.

Communist Start & Beginning of Military Career (1921 - 1930）

1921

From January 1st to 3rd, together with more than ten people including He Shuheng , Peng Huang , Zhou Shizhao , Xiong Jinzheng, held the New Year's meeting of members of the Xinmin Society in Changsha Chaozong Street Cultural Publishing House. At the meeting, it was proposed that the Xinmin Society should take "transformation of China and the world" as its common purpose, and agreed to use "Russian-style" methods to transform China.

From July 23 to early August, together with He Shuhen, he attended the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai as a representative of the Changsha Communist Group.

In August, he returned to Changsha and served as the director of the Hunan Branch of the Secretariat of the Chinese Labor Organization. Founded Hunan Self-study University with He Shuheng .

On October 10, the Hunan branch of the Communist Party of China was established and served as secretary.

1922

In May, the Hunan District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established and served as secretary.

From September to December, he organized and led a series of strikes by the Guangdong-Han Railway workers, the Anyuan road and mine workers, and the Changsha mud and wood workers, pushing the Hunan labor movement to a rapid climax.

1923

In April, he left Changsha and arrived in Shanghai to work in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In June, he attended the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou and was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee, a member of the Central Bureau, and served as the Secretary of the Central Bureau.

On September 16, in accordance with the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and entrusted by Lin Boqu, the deputy director of the General Affairs Department of the Kuomintang headquarters, he returned to Changsha to prepare for the establishment of the Hunan Kuomintang organization.

1924

In January, he attended the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee.

In February, he went to Shanghai and served as a member of the Shanghai Executive Department of the Kuomintang and secretary of the Organization Department.

In December, he returned to Hunan to recuperate.

1925

In February, when he returned to Shaoshan, he recuperated from his illness and launched a peasant movement at the same time.

In September, went to Guangzhou to participate in the preparations for the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang.

In October, he served as the acting director of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang.

On December 1, the article " Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society " was published.

On December 5, the editor-in-chief of the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department publication " Politics Weekly " was launched.

1926

In January, he attended the Second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang and continued to be elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee.

On March 18, he delivered a speech entitled "The Significance of Commemorating the Paris Commune " at the gathering commemorating the fifty-fifth anniversary of the Paris Commune at the Guangzhou KMT Political Workshop.

In March, Chiang Kai-shek created the Zhongshan ship incident in Guangzhou , and advocated a counterattack with Zhou Enlai and others.

From May to September, he hosted the Sixth Peasant Movement Workshop of the Kuomintang and served as the director.

In November, he went to Shanghai to serve as the Secretary of the Peasant Movement Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon he went to Wuhan and founded the Kuomintang Central Peasant Movement Workshop.

In December, he attended the first workers' congress and the first farmers' congress in Hunan province in Changsha.

1927

From January 4th to February 5th, he inspected the peasant movement in five counties of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Hengshan, Liling and Changsha in Hunan.

In March, he published the " Investigation Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan "; he attended the Third Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Wuhan.

On April 12, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai.

From April 27th to May 10th, he attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee. The meeting criticized Chen Duxiu's rightist mistakes.

On July 15, Wang Jingwei launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan, Ninghan merged , and the Great Revolution failed.

On August 1, the Nanchang Uprising broke out. Together with Song Qingling and other 22 Kuomintang Central Committee members, they jointly issued the "Central Committee Members' Declaration", condemning Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei for betraying the national revolution.

On August 7, he attended an emergency meeting held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Hankou, and put forward the idea that power grows out of the barrel of a gun, and was elected as an alternate member of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee. After the meeting, he went to Hunan to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi .

On September 9, the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi broke out. When going to the headquarters of the third regiment of Tonggu Xiaojia Temple in Jiangxi, passing Liuyang Zhangjiafang, he was caught by the Qingxiang team of the regiment defense bureau and escaped with wit on the way.

In September, after the Autumn Harvest Uprising was frustrated, he led the uprising troops to march towards the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains .

In October, arrived at Maoping, Ninggang County, Jiangxi, and began to establish the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base .

In November, he was wrongly accused by the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was removed from his position as an alternate member of the Political Bureau.

Library works

The following are works by Mao in ProleWiki's own Library.

Library works by Mao Zedong

Analysis of the classes in Chinese society

Combat liberalism

The Destiny of Two Chinas

On contradiction

On guerrilla warfare

On Khrushchov’s Phony Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World

On New Democracy

On practice

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People

Oppose Book Worship

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung

Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan

Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership

Statement supporting the American Negroes in their just struggle against racial discrimination by U.S. Imperialism

Talk On Questions Of Philosophy

Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art

The Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention

Where do correct ideas come from?

Why is it That Red Political Power Can Exist in China

Win the Masses in Their Millions for the Anti-Japanese National United Front