Republic of Kazakhstan

Republic of Kazakhstan Qazaqstan Respublikasy Қазақстан Республикасы Республика Казахстан
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  Menıñ Qazaqstanym Менің Қазақстаным
Capital	Astana
Largest city	Almaty
Official languages	Kazakh Russian
Dominant mode of production	Capitalism
Government	Unitary presidential republic
• President	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Prime Minister	Älihan Smaiylov
Area
• Total	2,724,900 km²
Population
• 2024 estimate	20,075,271

Kazakhstan, officially, the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country located mainly in Central Asia bordered by Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and China. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, it was made into the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. After the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union, it was the last of the Soviet states to declare independence.

History

Kazakh Khanate

See main article: Kazakh Khanate (1465–1847)

Russian Kazakhstan

See main article: Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Socialist period

See main article: Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)

See main article: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)

Bourgeois state

In 1993 the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to the city of Aqmola (now Astana) from its original location in Almaty, which had been the capital of Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 up until its relocation.

Another change to national symbols kept from Soviet Kazakhstan was the drafting of a new anthem in 2006 - "Menıñ Qazaqstanym". It was to replace the anthem adopted in 1992, which had the same melody as the anthem of the Kazakh SSR. The new anthem was co-written by the first president of bourgeois Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev.

In 2022, protests rapidly overwhelmed the Kazakh government, but Russian forces restored stability.