The October Revolution (also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Bolshevik Revolution, or simply the Russian Revolution) was a revolution in the Russian Empire which took place after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II earlier that year during the February Revolution. Led by the Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, it was the first declared socialist revolution of the 20th century, with the participation of workers, peasants and soldiers through legislative and executive bodies known as Soviets. Brought on by the failure of the Russian Provisional Government to exit World War I, and facilitated by the Bolshevik's calls among the people for peace, land, and bread, a situation of dual power was created which led to the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the creation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Several benefits to the people ushered in by the revolution included a newfound equality of treatment between men and women, and an improved system of education and culture in the native languages for the different nations comprising Russia. It proved for the first time in history that a government entirely run by peasants, workers and soldiers was possible.