Comrade:Wisconcom/Study notes

This page is dedicated to recording important notes from my study of Marxist theorists and terminology. I will particularly focus on the works of Anti-revisionists.

Works

Works by Enver Hoxha

Theory and Practice of the Revolution

Core ideas

One of the main ideas of Revisionists is that bourgeois-capitalist states can somehow be "progressive" simply because of their diplomatic relations to a Socialist state, and otherwise to omit the main contradictions of imperialism, which are:

• the contradiction between the two opposed systems — the socialist and the capitalist system
• the contradiction between capital and labour in the capitalist countries
• the contradiction between the oppressed peoples and nations on the one hand and imperialism on the other hand
• the contradiction between the imperialist powers

This is of couse the primarly intention of the "Three worlds theory" by "chairman" Mao Zedong, to subvert the international Socialist movement, and ally with Capitalist states, all for Revisionist and even careerist goals. This is truly a timeless conclusion by Enver Hoxha, as today particularly, many "Socialists" are seeking to ally with Capitalist-imperialist states like the Russian Federation because they are "Anti-imperialist".

The Khruschevites

Core idea of the introduction

In the introduction, Enver Hoxha describes the condition (and later, deterioration) of diplomatic relations between Albania and the Khruschevite-Revisionist Soviet Union. He later describes in a detalied tone the attempts by the Social-imperialist Soviets to turn Socialist Albania into an economic colony of them, and other reactionary actions done by the Soviet Union.

Core idea of Chapter l - "In-Fighting Among the Top Soviet Leaders"

After the death (more particularly, assassination at the hands of the Khrushchevite-clique) of Stalin, the most powerful members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were soon left in a state of disorganisation, division, and impotence, likely showing the aptitude in regards to administrative cohesion and party leadership that Stalin had, and what was lost in his absence.

With the new internal leadership conflict, the Khruschevites, while still feigning adherence to Stalin and the cause of Socialist construction in the past, showed their true Anti-Marxist and Revisionist colours, and exploited the situation to perform a counter-revolutionary putsch of the Communist Party and state, and in the process, liquidating any potentially Anti-revisionist and otherwise pro-Stalin elements still remaining in the government and party, such as Beria and others.

Core idea of Chapter ll - "Khruschev's Strategy & Tactics within the Soviet Union"

The character and motivations of Khruschev (and other Revisionists in the Soviet Union) was, fundamentally, highly careerist and opportunist. While during the time when Stalin was still alive, Khruschev would attempt to obscure his Anti-marxist stance by using, for example, flattery, in order to turn away anyone who would suspect his counter-revolutionary ideas.

However, such militant attempts by Khruschev to divert suspicion away from him were no longer needed, not to such a large degree anyways, once Stalin died and his government putsched. At that point in time, Khruschev would instead attempt to use the popularity of the past government under Stalin, which was vast among the people, in order to maintain his power, and create later opportunities to attain more. While such underhanded deeds were happening, Khruschev would focus, in a covert manner of course, on purging less powerful or known sections of the government, such as the NKVD and its head, Lavrentiy Beria.

To that extent, Khruschev would slowly concoct lies and slander concerning non-Revisionist government functionaries, slowly removing any potential resistance, until the time would be permiting for a final wave a propaganda against Stalin's legecy and ideas, and thus the final attack and liquidation of Socialism and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat in the Soviet Union, and by extention in other Eastern European states, with the exception of Socialist Albania, of course.

Core idea of Chapter lll - "Not Marxist-Leninists but Hucksters"

The Revisionism and Capitalist restorationism of the Khruschev government began to be seen in matters of foreign policy. With Socialist Albania alone, the Khruschevites were not only failing to adhere to the foundational Marxist idea of Socialist internationalism; only giving Albania economic support in exchange for excessive exports to the Soviet Union, an economic relationship similar to that seen in Capitalism, the Khruschevites were outright demanding that Albania cease its attempt to industrialise and become self-reliant, and instead focus its economic planning and expansion solely on a small amount of agricultural goods, and solely for the intention of selling those goods to the Soviet Union at a low price in exchange for basic machine parts and armaments.

In regards to other Eastern European nations, particularly those in Comecon, a similar policy was being suggested by the Soviet Revisionist government. Khruschev was openly supporting "collaboration" with bourgeois ideologs and Social-fascists, and furthermore, he claimed that the Eastern European nations should "do what Hitler did" in expanding military-arms production.

This was, undeniably, the first signs in the development of Soviet Social-imperialism, with the Soviet government doing its initial attempts at building economic dependencies in smaller and less-developed nations.

Core idea of Chapter IV - "The Touch-Stone"

As expected with Revisionists, Khruschev would reverse the informed and principled conclusion of Stalin and the Communist Party of Soviet Union to cease support with the Titoist Revisionist traitors in Yugoslavia. Furthermore, the Revisionist government in the Soviet Union would, in their ambition to excise People's Democracy and Socialism, show a large degree of interest in recreating relations with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia as well.

As this diplomatic strategy concerning Yugoslavia was put into effect, it soon resulted in the Khruschevite regime, in their concurrent efforts to denigrate and remove the ideology and legacy of Stalin, revise the reasons for the at-the-time recent Stalin-Tito split. The Revisionist government would attempt to remove and forget about the (very much vaild) ideological and economic reasons for the split in the first place that happened under Stalin, particularly in regards to Tito's Anti-Marxist deviations and servile behavior to the Western Imperialists, and instead revise it and portray it to the Yugoslav leadership and other Communist parties as being somehow just a crass act by those who were in the Soviet government at the time of Stalin.

However, Tito would not be fully wooed by this act on the part of the Soviet Revisionists, and would further demand action be taken by the Soviets to further remove the economic and political legacy of the Soviet Union under Stalin - something which Khruschev was perfectly willing to accept. Later on, Khruschev, while being unable to fully reconcile relations with Yugoslavia, would nonetheless attempt to enforce his line of acceptence towards the Titoist ideology of bourgeois-nationalism and other Revisionist ideas onto other Communist Parties in Eastern Europe, which were all seemingly powerless to refute the Soviet Social-imperialists - with the notable exception of Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour, who were able to reject this Revisionist act, of course.

Core idea of Chapter V - "The "Mother Party" Wants to be the Conductor"

As the Soviet Revisionist clique further cemented their hold over the Soviet Union, they would soon begin to extend their Revisionist line to Communist Parties in other countries in Eastern Europe. Such a process was likely trival considering the condition in nations such as, for example, Romania, which had a critical weakness in the stability of its Proletarian Dictatorship and a perversely Revisionist and opportunist ideology within its Communist Party, with said party having an alreadly notable trend of capitulation towards the Khruschevites already.

Likewise, the Revisionist Soviets were able, without any particular amount of resistance, to expand their Revisionist ideology to the governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic, often by means that were not to dissimilar to those that the Khruschevites used to topple the Stalin government years ago - phoney trials against non-Revisionist figures, putsches, ect.

With the leadership of these nations replaced by Revisionists that were loyal to Khruschev, it is not cumbersome to figure out why all of these leaders would, instantly, give way to the fabrications invented by Khruschev concerning Stalin, Tito's "socialism", or otherwise, even if, for example, governments like those seen in Bulgaria or Czechoslovakia were once very amiable to non-Revisionists like Enver Hoxha and his party.

Core idea of Chapter Vl - "The Official Proclamation of Revisionism"

While attempting to maintain the apperence of a correct Marxist line, the Khruschevite government was soon ready to reveal its Revisionist and Capitalist ideas openly. In 1956, Khruschev, during the 20th Congress of the CPSU, gave his infamous and fateful "secret speech". Using a number of tactics, including and particularly the outright fabrication of "crimes" during Stalin's leadership, Khruschev and his government were able to fully destroy both the spirit and ideals of maintaining Socialism and People's Democracy within the Communist Party.

While abortive attempts were made by elements still-loyal to the true path of Marxism, those of which formed into an "Anti-party group", to depose the Revisionists from power, such attempts only saw failure. From that day forwards, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics would fully degenerate into a Capitalist and Social-imperialist state, with it similarly installing Bourgeois-Revisionist governments in Eastern Europe, with the notable exception of Socialist Albania.

Definitions

Economic Modes of Production

Capitalism

A mode of production, which succeeds Feudalism, but precedes Socialism. It is dominated by the large-scale existance of markets, private ownership (bourgeois ownership) of the means of production, and a plutocratic and minoritarian (ruled by the few) system of government. The major contradictions that appear with Capitalism are that of the respective class-interests of the two classes, the Proletariat (who toil in the workplace and have their labour exploited and made into surplus value) and the Bourgeoisie (who own the workplace and collect the surplus value).

Modern example for Capitalist states include the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the European Union (a confederation of Capitalist states, to be more particular), and the People's Republic of China.

Socialism

Also known as the lower stage of Communism, this economic mode of production is characterised by its collective ownership of the means of production, increasing lack of markets and commodities, and democratic form of government also known as a People's Democracy.

Historical or modern countries that are of the Socialist mode of production include the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (before 1956), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, and the Republic of Cuba.

Ideologies

Marxism

Marxism, also known as Scientific Socialism, is a sociology, economic, and historical framework of analysing society and historical development. It was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who themselves were inspired by the Utopian Socialists of the last centuries as well as the dialectial methodology of other philosophers such as Georg W. F. Hegel.

Government (forms of)

Socialist State

A Socialist state, commonly also known as a Socialist republic, Proletarian state, People's republic, or People's Socialist Republic, is a state that is particularly founded off Proletarian ideology, particularly one that is a school of thought in Scientific Socialism, and which has, or is immediately working to introduce, the Socialist mode of production (see above). It is important to note that states that have a Capitalist mode of production, yet whose Communist Party and government still claims to adhere to Socialist ideology, does not constitute a Socialist state.

Capitalist State

A Capitalist state, also known as Bourgeois state, refers to a number of government types which exist under Capitalist society, but commonly, are often in the form of Bourgeois democracy or (particularly during the end of the lifespan of Capitalism) a Fascist state. Such a governmental arrangement exhibits an opressive, oligarchical, and exploitative character, as the state itself is created for the facilitation and empowerment of class-rule, in this case, the bourgeoisie.