The German ideology - Preface

Table of contents

1. Preface
2. Feuerbach: Opposition of the materialist and idealist outlooks
   1. Idealism and materialism
      1. The illusions of German ideology
      2. Ideology in general, ideology in particular
      3. First premises of the materialist method
      4. Production and intercourse. Division of labour and forms of property – tribal, ancient, feudal
      5. The essence of the materialist conception of history. Social being and social consciousness
      6. History: fundamental conditions
      7. Private property and communism
      8. History as a continuous process
      9. Development of the productive forces as a material premise of communism
   2. The illusion of the epoch
      1. Civil society — and the conception of history
      2. Feuerbach: philosophic, and real, liberation
      3. Ruling class and ruling ideas
   3. The real basis of ideology
      1. Division of labor: town and country
      2. The rise of manufacturing
      3. The relation of state and law to property
   4. Proletarians and communism
      1. Individuals, class, and community
      2. Forms of intercourse
      3. Conquest
      4. Contradictions of big industry: revolution

Hitherto men have constantly made up for themselves false conceptions about themselves, about what they are and what they ought to be. They have arranged their relationships according to their ideas of God, of normal man, etc. The phantoms of their brains have got out of their hands. They, the creators, have bowed down before their creations. Let us liberate them from the chimeras, the ideas, dogmas, imaginary beings under the yoke of which they are pining away. Let us revolt against the rule of thoughts. Let us teach men, says one, to exchange these imaginations for thoughts which correspond to the essence of man; says the second, to take up a critical attitude to them; says the third, to knock them out of their heads; and — existing reality will collapse.

These innocent and childlike fancies are the kernel of the modern Young-Hegelian philosophy, which not only is received by the German public with horror and awe, but is announced by our philosophic heroes with the solemn consciousness of its cataclysmic dangerousness and criminal ruthlessness. The first volume of the present publication has the aim of uncloaking these sheep, who take themselves and are taken for wolves; of showing how their bleating merely imitates in a philosophic form the conceptions of the German middle class; how the boasting of these philosophic commentators only mirrors the wretchedness of the real conditions in Germany. It is its aim to debunk and discredit the philosophic struggle with the shadows of reality, which appeals to the dreamy and muddled German nation.

Once upon a time a valiant fellow had the idea that men were drowned in water only because they were possessed with the idea of gravity. If they were to knock this notion out of their heads, say by stating it to be a superstition, a religious concept, they would be sublimely proof against any danger from water. His whole life long he fought against the illusion of gravity, of whose harmful results all statistics brought him new and manifold evidence. This valiant fellow was the type of the new revolutionary philosophers in Germany.

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