|name=French Republic
|image_coat=French coat of arms.svg|capital=Paris
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#REDIRECT [[French Republic#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)]]
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...in succession the seat of the [[French Republic|French]] governor and the French administrative capital.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Vientiane “Vi
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...m of the Two Sicilies|Sicily]], [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottomans]], [[French Republic|France]], and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...]|death_date=16 April 1859|nationality=French|death_place=Cannes, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|school_tradition=Classical [[liberalism]]}}
...harles Henri Clérel de Tocqueville''' (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859) was a French philosopher active in the 19th century. He hoped for a massive fire to [[Ov
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...[[Russian Empire]]|death_date=21 January 1870|death_place=Paris, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|political_orientation=[[Republicanism]]<br>[[Agrarian
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...od, Saint Helena]], [[British Empire]]|death_cause=Stomach cancer|known=*[[French Consulate|Provisional Consul of France]] (1799)
*[[French Consulate|First Consul of France]] (1799-1804)
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...792)|France]]|death_date=11 February 1650|death_place=Stockholm, [[Swedish Empire]]|image=René Descartes.png}}
'''René Descartes''' (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher and founder of [[rationalism]]. Despite his [[Idealism|idealist
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...he original] on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-12-04.</ref> [[French language|French]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Dutch language|Dutch]],<ref>spartakist 1919 (2020).:
...ussia (1701–1918)|Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]|death_date=8 June 1980 (aged 80)|death_place=[[Bernburg (Saale)|Bernburg]
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...ame=Johanna Arendt|birth_date=14 October 1906|birth_place=Linden, [[German Empire]]|death_date=4 December 1975|death_place=[[New York City]], [[State of New
...Origins of Totalitarianism'', written in 1946, criticize [[French Republic|French]] [[antisemitism]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...aris, [[France#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)|France]]|nationality=French|political_orientation=[[Anarchism]]<br>[[Utopian socialism]]|image=Proudhon
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...rtoon.jpg|alt=|thumb|An 1805 cartoon depicting [[French Empire (1804–1815)|French]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|English]] c
...56.4 million, and [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] formed a colonial empire that subjugated 14.7 million.
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...1792)|France]]|death_date=1596|death_place=Laon, Aisne, France|nationality=French|image=Jean Bodin.png|image_size=200|school_tradition=[[Absolute monarchism]
...be slaves. While defenders of slavery pointed to its existence in [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Ancient Rome]], Bodin pointed out how the Roman slave syste
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...corrupted by [[Europe|Europeans]] to Tonquin. During the [[French Republic|French]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] period (1883–1945) the name Tonkin was used to r
...s mineral resources. Hanoi remained the administrative centre during the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] occupation (1940–45) of the territory.<ref
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...n before partitioning it in 1639. The [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] conquered the Persian part of Armenia in 1828. During the [[First World W
...[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|Britain]] and [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]]. Armenian leftists founded the [[Armenian Sov
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...n=1299–1922|image_map=Ottoman Empire map.svg|map_width=260|map_caption=The empire at its peak in 1683 with vassal states in light green|area_km2=5,200,000|po
The '''Ottoman Empire''' was a state based in [[Western Asia]] that also controlled parts of [[Ba
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...list Republics (1922–1991)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR), [[French Republic]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] (UK),
{{Main article|German Empire (1871–1918)}}
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...ve_name=Royaume de France|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg|capital=Paris|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|governmen
...nomic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading powe
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...ar]] to divide the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]] between themselves when the war was over. The two architects of this trea
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...hen the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and Spanish armies drove [[French Empire (1804–1815)|France]] from the [[Iberian Peninsula]].
* The [[Vietnam War|war of resistance]] against [[French Republic|France]] (then followed by the [[United States of America|USA)]] f
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