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'''''Waffen-SS''''' (Literally "''Armed SS''") was a designation for | '''''Waffen-SS''''' (Literally "''Armed SS''") was a designation for combat units of the [[Schutzstaffel|''Schutzstaffel'' (SS)]], the paramilitary organisation of the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]]. The ''Waffen-SS'' fought alongside the [[Wehrmacht|German military]] during [[Second World War|World War II]] and played a principal role in orchestrating the [[Holocaust]], the [[Porajmos]], and other Nazi atrocities. At its peak in 1945, the ''Waffen-SS'' consisted of almost a million personnel. The SS was completely annihilated in April-May 1945 following the [[Battle of Berlin]] and the [[German Instrument of Surrender]], and most of its leadership was imprisoned, executed, committed suicide, or forced into hiding. | ||
The term ''Waffen-SS'' was first used in official documents in late-1939, | The term ''Waffen-SS'' was first used in official documents in late-1939 as a general term for armed units of the SS and police. In July 1940 however, the [[SS Dispositional Troops|''SS-Verfügungstruppe'']] (combat units separate from both the ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' and the ''[[Ordnungspolizei]]'', at [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]'s disposal) was officially renamed to the ''Waffen-SS'', and in August 1940, the [[SS Leadership Main Office]] was established under the command of [[Reichsführer-SS|Reichsführer]] [[Heinrich Himmler]]. Units such as the [[1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler|1st]], [[2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich|2nd]], and [[3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf|3rd SS Panzer Divisions]] were designated as ''Waffen-SS'', and many members of the ''[[Allgemeine-SS]]'', the [[SS Death's Head Units|''SS-Totenkopfverbände'']], and the ''Ordnungspolizei'' joined the branch. | ||
The | The SS initially only consisted of ethnic [[Germans|German]] volunteers ages 17–23 who could prove that they had no traceable [[Judaism|Jewish]] ancestry after 1800.<ref group="Note">Exceptions were made for those who were declared "[[honourary Aryans]]".</ref> Throughout the course of the war, however, due to a shortage of manpower, these restrictions were eased so that non-German volunteers who were still considered [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] (e.g. the [[French people|French]] and the [[Dutch people|Dutch]]) and eventually even non-Germanic volunteers (e.g. [[Ukrainians]], [[Hungarians]], and [[Estonians]]) could serve in the ''Waffen-SS''. Conscription was even introduced in 1943, meaning that some people were forced to serve in the German military and the ''Waffen-SS'' against their will, although it should be noted that the vast majority of soldiers who served in the ''Waffen-SS'' were volunteers, not conscripts. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
<references group="Note" /> | <references group="Note" /> | ||
Revision as of 09:57, 22 November 2023
Waffen-SS (Literally "Armed SS") was a designation for combat units of the Schutzstaffel (SS), the paramilitary organisation of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS fought alongside the German military during World War II and played a principal role in orchestrating the Holocaust, the Porajmos, and other Nazi atrocities. At its peak in 1945, the Waffen-SS consisted of almost a million personnel. The SS was completely annihilated in April-May 1945 following the Battle of Berlin and the German Instrument of Surrender, and most of its leadership was imprisoned, executed, committed suicide, or forced into hiding.
The term Waffen-SS was first used in official documents in late-1939 as a general term for armed units of the SS and police. In July 1940 however, the SS-Verfügungstruppe (combat units separate from both the Wehrmacht and the Ordnungspolizei, at Hitler's disposal) was officially renamed to the Waffen-SS, and in August 1940, the SS Leadership Main Office was established under the command of Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler. Units such as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd SS Panzer Divisions were designated as Waffen-SS, and many members of the Allgemeine-SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände, and the Ordnungspolizei joined the branch.
The SS initially only consisted of ethnic German volunteers ages 17–23 who could prove that they had no traceable Jewish ancestry after 1800.[Note 1] Throughout the course of the war, however, due to a shortage of manpower, these restrictions were eased so that non-German volunteers who were still considered Germanic (e.g. the French and the Dutch) and eventually even non-Germanic volunteers (e.g. Ukrainians, Hungarians, and Estonians) could serve in the Waffen-SS. Conscription was even introduced in 1943, meaning that some people were forced to serve in the German military and the Waffen-SS against their will, although it should be noted that the vast majority of soldiers who served in the Waffen-SS were volunteers, not conscripts.
Notes
- ↑ Exceptions were made for those who were declared "honourary Aryans".