Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|area_km2=603,628|event_end=[[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|Overthrow of the USSR]]|date_event1=30 December 1922|event1=Admitted to USSR|date_start=10 March|event_start=Soviet republic declared|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=[[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] state|population_census_year=1989|native_name=Українська Соціалістична | {{Infobox country|name=Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|area_km2=603,628|event_end=[[Overthrow of the Soviet Union|Overthrow of the USSR]]|date_event1=30 December 1922|event1=Admitted to USSR|date_start=10 March|event_start=Soviet republic declared|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=[[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] state|population_census_year=1989|p1=<b>1919:</b><br>[[Russian Republic]]|s1=<b>1922:</b><br>[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]|flag_p1=Flag of Russia.svg|flag_p2=Flag of Poland.svg|p2=<b>1945-1946:</b><br>[[Second Polish Republic]] (portion)|flag_p3=Flag of Romania.svg|p3=[[Kingdom of Romania]] (portion)|flag_p4=Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|p4=[[Czechoslovakia]] (portion)|flag_s1=Flag of the Soviet Union (1922–1923).svg|flag_s2=Flag of Ukraine (1991-1992).svg|s2=<b>1991:</b><br>[[Ukraine]]|native_name=Українська Радянська Соціалістична Республіка<br>Украинская Советская Социалистическая Республика|population_census=51,706,746|largest_city=Kyiv|image_coat=Emblem_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR.svg|capital=Kyiv|englishmotto=Workers of the world, unite!|image_map=Map_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR.svg|map_width=290|motto=Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся!|image_flag=Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic.svg|year_end=1991|year_start=1919|date_end=26 December}} | ||
The '''Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic''' was an independent socialist state from 1919 to 1922 and a republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Gary Lee|date=1986-10-27|title=Soviets Begin Recovery From Disaster's Damage|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/27/soviets-begin-recovery-from-disasters-damage/5ca2e3fa-cced-4395-a6c4-27d2aa1ed108/|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518155344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/27/soviets-begin-recovery-from-disasters-damage/5ca2e3fa-cced-4395-a6c4-27d2aa1ed108/|archive-date=2021-05-18|retrieved=2022-01-15}}</ref> | The '''Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic''' was an independent [[socialist state]] from 1919 to 1922 and a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] from 1922 to 1991.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Gary Lee|date=1986-10-27|title=Soviets Begin Recovery From Disaster's Damage|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/27/soviets-begin-recovery-from-disasters-damage/5ca2e3fa-cced-4395-a6c4-27d2aa1ed108/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518155344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/27/soviets-begin-recovery-from-disasters-damage/5ca2e3fa-cced-4395-a6c4-27d2aa1ed108/|archive-date=2021-05-18|retrieved=2022-01-15}}</ref> | ||
== History == | |||
After the [[Great October Socialist Revolution]], Ukraine trained tens of thousands of teachers and founded dozens of universities. [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Poland]] occupied the western part of Ukraine until 1939.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Ukrainian Nationalists have long history of anti-semitism which the Soviet Union tried to combat|date=2022-10-21|url=https://mronline.org/2022/10/21/ukrainian-nationalists-have-long-history-of-anti-semitism-which-the-soviet-union-tried-to-combat/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021215247/https://mronline.org/2022/10/21/ukrainian-nationalists-have-long-history-of-anti-semitism-which-the-soviet-union-tried-to-combat/|archive-date=2022-10-21|retrieved=2022-10-22}}</ref> | |||
== National policies == | |||
=== Jewish policies === | |||
In 1924, the Soviet Union formed the [[Committee for the Land Organization of Workers]] to help Jews settle in the countryside, which had been illegal before 1917. By the late 1920s, over 100,000 Jews worked on farms. Jewish-operated farms, most of which were in Ukraine and [[Crimea]] (then part of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|RSFSR]]), conducted education and work in Yiddish. Yiddish was an official language in some regions of Ukraine, which conducted court proceedings in Yiddish.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Ukrainization === | |||
During the 1920s, the Soviet government promoted the Ukrainian language as part of its Ukrainization policies to combat Great Russian chauvinism. The percentage of books printed in Ukrainian in the Ukrainian SSR increased from 31% in 1923 to 54% in 1928. The amount of newspapers printed in Ukrainian increased from 37% to 63% in this same time period.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Eugene Puryear|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=Nations and Soviets: The National Question in the USSR|date=2022-06-12|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613003437/https://www.liberationschool.org/nations-and-soviets-the-national-question-in-the-ussr/|archive-date=2022-06-13|retrieved=2022-08-31}}</ref> In 1926, the majority of civil servants in Ukraine were ethnic Ukrainians and the percentage of ethnic Ukrainians in the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]], a regional branch of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]], rose from 20% in 1920 to 60% in 1933.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 18:44, 3 November 2023
| Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Українська Радянська Соціалістична Республіка Украинская Советская Социалистическая Республика | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919–1991 | |||||||||||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |||||||||||||||||
Motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Workers of the world, unite! | |||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Kyiv | ||||||||||||||||
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Marxist-Leninist state | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
• Soviet republic declared | 10 March 1919 | ||||||||||||||||
• Admitted to USSR | 30 December 1922 | ||||||||||||||||
| 26 December 1991 | |||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||
• Total | 603,628 km² | ||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||
• 1989 census | 51,706,746 | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was an independent socialist state from 1919 to 1922 and a republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
After the Great October Socialist Revolution, Ukraine trained tens of thousands of teachers and founded dozens of universities. Poland occupied the western part of Ukraine until 1939.[2]
National policies[edit | edit source]
Jewish policies[edit | edit source]
In 1924, the Soviet Union formed the Committee for the Land Organization of Workers to help Jews settle in the countryside, which had been illegal before 1917. By the late 1920s, over 100,000 Jews worked on farms. Jewish-operated farms, most of which were in Ukraine and Crimea (then part of the RSFSR), conducted education and work in Yiddish. Yiddish was an official language in some regions of Ukraine, which conducted court proceedings in Yiddish.[2]
Ukrainization[edit | edit source]
During the 1920s, the Soviet government promoted the Ukrainian language as part of its Ukrainization policies to combat Great Russian chauvinism. The percentage of books printed in Ukrainian in the Ukrainian SSR increased from 31% in 1923 to 54% in 1928. The amount of newspapers printed in Ukrainian increased from 37% to 63% in this same time period.[3] In 1926, the majority of civil servants in Ukraine were ethnic Ukrainians and the percentage of ethnic Ukrainians in the Communist Party of Ukraine, a regional branch of the CPSU, rose from 20% in 1920 to 60% in 1933.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Gary Lee (1986-10-27). "Soviets Begin Recovery From Disaster's Damage" The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Ukrainian Nationalists have long history of anti-semitism which the Soviet Union tried to combat" (2022-10-21). Monthly Review. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ↑ Eugene Puryear (2022-06-12). "Nations and Soviets: The National Question in the USSR" Liberation School. Archived from the original on 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-08-31.