Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|native_name=Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка<br>Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика|image_coat=Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1981–1991).svg|capital=Minsk|largest_city=Minsk|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|image_map=Map_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR.svg|map_width=290|motto=Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся!|englishmotto=[[Workers of the world, unite!]]|image_flag=Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951–1991).svg|year_end=1991|year_start=1920|official_languages=Belarusian<br>Russian|recognized_languages=Polish<br>Yiddish|area_km2=207,600|population_census=10,199,709|population_census_year=1989}} | {{Infobox country|name=Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|native_name=Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка<br>Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика|image_coat=Emblem_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1981–1991).svg|capital=Minsk|largest_city=Minsk|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|image_map=Map_of_the_Byelorussian_SSR.svg|map_width=290|motto=Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся!|englishmotto=[[Workers of the world, unite!]]|image_flag=Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951–1991).svg|year_end=1991|year_start=1920|official_languages=Belarusian<br>Russian|recognized_languages=Polish<br>Yiddish|area_km2=207,600|population_census=10,199,709|population_census_year=1989|p1=<b>1920:</b><br>[[Russian Republic]]|s1=<b>1922:</b><br>[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]|flag_p1=Flag of Russia.svg|flag_p2=Flag of Poland.svg|p2=<b>1945-1946:</b><br>[[Second Polish Republic]] (portion)|s2=<b>1991:</b><br>[[Republic of Belarus]]|flag_s2=Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg}} | ||
The '''Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic''' ('''BSSR''') was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]. | The '''Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic''' ('''BSSR''') was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Formation === | |||
[[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] ceded the western part of Belarus to [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Poland]] in a peace treaty in 1921. Belarus became one of the founding republics of the USSR in 1922.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=85|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> | |||
=== Great Patriotic War === | === Great Patriotic War === | ||
During the [[Second World War|Great Patriotic War]], [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Germany]] occupied Belarus and killed from 400,000 to 840,000 Jews. The [[Fascism|fascist]] occupiers destroyed over 9,800 cities, towns, and villages. Over 370,000 people fought as partisans against the Nazis.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Oktyabr|title=The Belarusian SSR: a brief chronology|url=https://oktyabrvperedi.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/the-belarusian-ssr-a-brief-chronology/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824090808/https://oktyabrvperedi.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/the-belarusian-ssr-a-brief-chronology/|archive-date=2022-08-24|retrieved=2022-09-11}}</ref> | In 1939, the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] reunified Belarus after entering eastern Poland.<ref name=":02" /> During the [[Second World War|Great Patriotic War]], [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Germany]] occupied Belarus and killed from 400,000 to 840,000 Jews. The [[Fascism|fascist]] occupiers destroyed over 9,800 cities, towns, and villages. Over 370,000 people fought as partisans against the Nazis.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Oktyabr|title=The Belarusian SSR: a brief chronology|url=https://oktyabrvperedi.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/the-belarusian-ssr-a-brief-chronology/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824090808/https://oktyabrvperedi.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/the-belarusian-ssr-a-brief-chronology/|archive-date=2022-08-24|retrieved=2022-09-11}}</ref> | ||
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
| Line 12: | Line 15: | ||
== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
In 1970, 81% of the population of the BSSR were Belarusians and 80.2% of those spoke Belarusian as their native language. 75% of newspapers but only 21% of books in Soviet Belarus were published in Belarusian. | In 1970, 81% of the population of the BSSR were Belarusians and 80.2% of those spoke Belarusian as their native language. 75% of newspapers but only 21% of books in Soviet Belarus were published in Belarusian. Russians made up 10.4% of the BSSR's population. Belarusians made up 3.50% of [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] membership and were slightly underrepresented in the party.<ref name=":03" /> | ||
== Living standards == | == Living standards == | ||
Latest revision as of 18:49, 3 November 2023
| Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920–1991 | |||||||||||||
.svg) Flag
.svg) Coat of arms
| |||||||||||||
Motto: Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! | |||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Minsk | ||||||||||||
| Official languages | Belarusian Russian | ||||||||||||
| Recognized languages | Polish Yiddish | ||||||||||||
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1920 | ||||||||||||
• Dissolution | 1991 | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
• Total | 207,600 km² | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 1989 census | 10,199,709 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) was a republic of the Soviet Union.
History[edit | edit source]
Formation[edit | edit source]
Russia ceded the western part of Belarus to Poland in a peace treaty in 1921. Belarus became one of the founding republics of the USSR in 1922.[1]
Great Patriotic War[edit | edit source]
In 1939, the Red Army reunified Belarus after entering eastern Poland.[1] During the Great Patriotic War, Germany occupied Belarus and killed from 400,000 to 840,000 Jews. The fascist occupiers destroyed over 9,800 cities, towns, and villages. Over 370,000 people fought as partisans against the Nazis.[2]
Economy[edit | edit source]
In 1970, the average monthly income in Belarus was 1,092 rubles, less than the USSR average of 1,194.[3]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
In 1970, 81% of the population of the BSSR were Belarusians and 80.2% of those spoke Belarusian as their native language. 75% of newspapers but only 21% of books in Soviet Belarus were published in Belarusian. Russians made up 10.4% of the BSSR's population. Belarusians made up 3.50% of CPSU membership and were slightly underrepresented in the party.[3]
Living standards[edit | edit source]
Education[edit | edit source]
By 1941, the BSSR had 25 universities with 21,538 students. By 1959, there were 55,700 university students.[2] In 1970, there were 14.38 Belarusian university students per 1,000 people, lower than most Soviet nationalities but higher than Tajiks or Moldovans.[3]
Health care[edit | edit source]
In 1971, Belarus had 26.7 doctors and 98.5 hospital beds per 10,000 people, slightly lower than the union average.[3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Albert Szymanski (1984). Human Rights in the Soviet Union: 'The European Nationalities in the USSR' (p. 85). [PDF] London: Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 0862320186 [LG]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The Belarusian SSR: a brief chronology". Oktyabr. Archived from the original on 2022-08-24. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Albert Szymanski (1984). Human Rights in the Soviet Union: 'The Asian Nationalities in the USSR' (pp. 38–59). [PDF] London: Zed Books Ltd.. ISBN 0862320186 [LG]