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| The '''Palestine Liberation Organization''' ('''PLO''') is a secular Palestinian nationalist organization. Since the 1993 [[Oslo Accords]], it has collaborated with the [[Zionism|Zionist]] [[State of Israel|occupier]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Alan Nasser|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Hamas: What It Is, What It Wants, and What Israel Makes of It|date=2009-01-12|url=https://mronline.org/2009/01/12/hamas-what-it-is-what-it-wants-and-what-israel-makes-of-it/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024093042/https://mronline.org/2009/01/12/hamas-what-it-is-what-it-wants-and-what-israel-makes-of-it/|archive-date=2021-10-24|retrieved=2022-09-09}}</ref> | | The '''Palestine Liberation Organization''' ('''PLO''') is a secular Palestinian nationalist organization. Since the 1993 [[Oslo Accords]], it has collaborated with the [[Zionism|Zionist]] [[State of Israel|occupier]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Alan Nasser|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Hamas: What It Is, What It Wants, and What Israel Makes of It|date=2009-01-12|url=https://mronline.org/2009/01/12/hamas-what-it-is-what-it-wants-and-what-israel-makes-of-it/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024093042/https://mronline.org/2009/01/12/hamas-what-it-is-what-it-wants-and-what-israel-makes-of-it/|archive-date=2021-10-24|retrieved=2022-09-09}}</ref> |
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| ==Armed resistance operations (1968-1982)==
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| From 1968 to 1982 the PLO engaged in armed resistance and guerrilla warfare operations against the [[Zionist Entity]].
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| ===Battle of Karameh (1968)===
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| In 1968 the Zionist army attacked [[Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan|Jordan]] hoping to occupy the East Bank of the jordan River and use it as a bargaining chip to force Jordan to recognize "Israel" (as it did to Egypt with the Sinai and as it does to this day to Syria with the Golan Heights). The guerrillas of the PLO and Jordanian regulars repulsed this Zionist invasion in the Battle of Karameh (21 March 1968), killed 33 Zionist army soldiers, injured 200, and destroyed and captured many tanks and helicopters. This battle made the words "PLO", "Fatah" and "Fedayeen" known throughout the world, and revolutionaries from all anti-imperialist movements flocked to Jordan (and later Lebanon) to receive training from the PLO. Some of the most famous revolutionaries who received PLO training include Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof (of the German Red Army Faction), Abdullah Ocalan (of the Kurdish PKK), Kozo Okamoto (of the Japanese Red Army), Denis Gezmis (known as "Turkey's [[Ernesto Guevara|Che Guevara]]"), Denis Donaldson (of the Irish Republican Army) and Rodolfo Galimberti (of the Argentinian Montoneros).<ref>https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/165/battle-al-karama-21-march-1968</ref>
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| ===The Anniversary Operation (1970)===
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| In an operation designed to coincide with the third anniversary of the Six-Day War, Palestinian Fedayeen ambushed a Zionist military convoy not far from where Zionist minister of war Moshe Dayan was. Α group of six fighters led by Azzam himself confronted two tanks and a minesweeper, killing at least twelve IDF soldiers. Azzam recounts:
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| <blockquote>Dayan had sent a Canadian and an American correspondent to accompany them on the border and show them that the Fedayeen operations had finished. Then [the mujahidin] came out on them like jinn from underground and shelled them and wounded the two journalists; the Jews admitted to losing twelve soldiers but the enemy losses were much higher than this.<ref>https://dokumen.pub/the-caravan-abdallah-azzam-and-the-rise-of-global-jihad-9780521765954-9781139049375.html</ref></blockquote>
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| ===Elimination of Mossad commander Baruch Cohen in Spain (1973)===
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| On the morning of Tuesday, 23 January 1973, Cohen met one of his informants, a Palestinian medical student and Fatah activist living in Seville named Samir Mayed Ahmed, at Café Morrison on Calle Jose Antonio, later renamed the Gran Vía. As their meeting on 23 January ended, two men came up to Cohen and shot him three times in the chest. A fourth bullet hit a passerby. Cohen later died at the Francisco Franco hospital.
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| Cohen had met Samir several times to discuss Palestinian political activities, but Samir was actually a [[double agent]] for the Palestinian militant group Black September Organization.
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| Initial news reports originally identified Cohen as a tourist named Moshe Hannan Yishai, the name on the passport of his undercover identity. After his body had been flown back to "Israel" for burial, "Israeli" authorities revealed his true name and government affiliation.
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| Later that day, Black September Organization issued a public claim of responsibility for the assassination, alleging that Cohen, whom they incorrectly identified as Uri Molov, had been shadowing Arab intelligence officers.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |date=31 January 1973 |title=Israel Says That Man Slain In Madrid Was an Agent |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/31/archives/israel-says-that-man-slain-in-madrid-was-an-agent.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> While some in the media believed the operation was retaliation for "Israel's" Operation Wrath of God, Cohen's assassination was planned months in advance.
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| More than 10 years later, Mossad reportedly found Samir in Tunis; however, the Mossad director did not authorize his assassination, purportedly for fear of losing another Mossad officer.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |date=31 January 1973 |title=Israel Says That Man Slain In Madrid Was an Agent |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/31/archives/israel-says-that-man-slain-in-madrid-was-an-agent.html |access-date=27 June 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
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| ===Diversion operation in Austria before the Yom Kippur War (1973)===
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| On 28 September 1973, seven Jewish emigrants were taken hostage, among them a 73-year-old man, an ailing woman and a three-year-old child, on a train at the Austria–[[Czechoslovakia]]n border by the Syrian-based Palestinian armed resistance group, As-Sa'iqa.<ref name="Avner p. ">{{Harvnb|Avner|2011|p=}}</ref> In addition to demanding a free passage to an Arab country, they gave the Austrian government an ultimatum to close the Schönau transit center or they would execute the hostages. Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky gave in to the demands and closed the Jewish Agency's transit facility.
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| The incident captured the attention of "Israeli" media and became a ''cause célèbre". "Israeli" Prime Minister Golda Meir diverted her return flight from the Council of Europe to try to convince Kreisky to not give in to the demands. Kreisky refused to change his position, and Meir returned to "Israel" infuriated.<ref name="Avner p. 219">{{Harvnb|Avner|2010|p=219}}</ref> With the center closed, the Palestinian revolutionaries were flown to Libya. Austria then opened a new center in another location.
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| The entire incident was designed by the Syrian Intelligence Service (as al-Sa'iqa was the PLO branch controlled by Syria) as a diversion operation to capture the attention of the "Israeli" government when it should have been focusing on Egyptian and Syrian military build-up. The Schoenau ultimatum is seen as one of the causes of the massive military intelligence blunder of the "Israeli" Intelligence in not foreseeing the surprise attack of the Yom Kippur War. The intelligence services of socialist Czechoslovakia possibly helped the Syrians and Palestinians.<ref name="Avner p. 219">{{Harvnb|Avner|2010|p=219}}</ref>
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| ===Savoy Hotel attack (1975)===
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| In 5-6 March 1975, PLO militants killed 3 Zionist army soldiers and 8 settlers in the Savoy Hotel in Tel Aviv.<ref>https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/23292/palestinian-national-liberation-movement-%E2%80%93-fatah-i</ref>
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| ===Elimination of Albert Levy (1976)===
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| In 1976 PLO guerrillas under the overall direction of Khalil al-Wazir ("Abu Jihad") eliminated "Israeli" explosives expert Albert Levy and his assistant in Nablus, occupied West Bank.<ref>https://yaf.ps/page-1114-en.html</ref>
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| ===Kamal Adwan operation (1978)===
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| As retaliation for the murder of senior PLO member Kamal Adwan by the Zionists, a PLO squad led by the 18-year old heroine Dalal al-Mughrabi infiltrated "Israel" in 11 March 1978 and killed 38 settlers.<ref>https://pal48.ps/en/article/688/dalal-al-mughrabi-a-fida%27iya-(guerilla-fighter)-who-%22established-the-palestinian-republic%22</ref>
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| ===Kamal Nasser operation (1979)===
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| As retaliation for the murder of Palestinian poet and writer Kamal Nasser by the Zionists, a PLO squad led by the 16-year old hero Samir Kuntar infiltrated "Israel" and eliminated two Zionist policemen. In the 2010s Kuntar became a senior [[Hezbollah]] commander in Syria and fought the Zionist-backed [[al-Qaeda]] and [[Islamic State|ISIS]] groups.<ref>https://archive.almanar.com.lb/english/article.php?id=246145</ref>
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| ===Hebron attack (1980)===
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| In 1980 the Palestinian guerrillas completed a resistance operation in occupied Hebron, West Bank, eliminating 6 illegal settlers, three "Israelis", two Americans and one Canadian, and escaped to Jordan. This sent a message to settlers that they are not safe in the West Bank.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/17/israel-charges-10-palestinians-in-hebron-ambush/6f01124d-c2e5-45df-b225-d51a9e78fff1/</ref>
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| ===1982 Lebanon War (1982)===
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| When the Zionist entity invaded [[Lebanon]] in June 1982, the PLO downed an "Israeli" fighter jet and captured its pilot (7 June), killed "Israeli" deputy chief-of-staff General Yekutiel Adam in Damour (10 June), defeated the invaders and captured their soldier in Sultan Yacoub (11 June), infiltrated a Zionist military base and captured another 8 soldiers in Bhamdoun (4 September) and blew up the Zionist army barracks in Tyre eliminating 75 officers including high-ranking ones (11 Νovember). When the PLO left Beirut, its military chief Khalil al-Wazir ("Abu Jihad") transferred a portioned of the PLO's arsenal to his lieutenant, Imad Mughniyeh, who continued resistance from the ranks of [[Hezbollah]]. Mughniyeh, a close friend of Abu Jihad,<ref>https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/25670</ref> made sure that Lebanon would turn intο "Israel's [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]".<ref>https://www.e-ir.info/2012/11/27/the-1982-lebanon-war-was-israels-vietnam/</ref>
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| == History == | | == History == |
