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{{Infobox politician|name=Nikita Khrushchev|native_name=Никита Хрущёв|birth_date=15 April 1894|death_date=11 September 1971 (aged 77)|birth_place=Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|death_cause=Heart attack|image=Khrushchev.png|political_line=[[Revisionism]]}} | {{Infobox politician|name=Nikita Khrushchev|native_name=Никита Хрущёв|birth_date=15 April 1894|death_date=11 September 1971 (aged 77)|birth_place=Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]|death_cause=Heart attack|image=Khrushchev.png|political_line=[[Leninism]] (claimed)<br>[[Revisionism]]}} | ||
'''Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev''' (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] from 1953 to 1964 and [[Premier of the Soviet Union]] from 1958 to 1964. | '''Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev''' (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] from 1953 to 1964 and [[Premier of the Soviet Union]] from 1958 to 1964. In 1956, he denounced [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and blamed all problems in the USSR on his supposed [[cult of personality]].<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Polycentric Communism|page=117|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
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=== Secret Speech === | === Secret Speech === | ||
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced | In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Joseph Stalin in his "[[Secret Speech]]" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including [[Vyacheslav Molotov]], [[Georgy Malenkov]], and [[Lavrentiy Beria]] as "[[Stalinism|Stalinists]]." | ||
In June 1957, Malenkov's [[Anti-revisionism|anti-revisionist]] faction won the majority in the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Presidium]], but Khrushchev argued that only the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] could remove him from power.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=[[TheFinnishBolshevik]]|newspaper=ML-Theory|title=The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)|date=2019-05-07|url=https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116061016/https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-date=2022-01-16|retrieved=2022-05-30}}</ref> The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and [[Lazar Kaganovich|Kaganovich]] from the Presidium.<ref name=":0" /> | In June 1957, Malenkov's [[Anti-revisionism|anti-revisionist]] faction won the majority in the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Presidium]], but Khrushchev argued that only the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] could remove him from power.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=[[TheFinnishBolshevik]]|newspaper=ML-Theory|title=The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)|date=2019-05-07|url=https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116061016/https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2019/05/07/the-khrushchev-coup-death-of-stalin-khrushchevs-rise-to-power/|archive-date=2022-01-16|retrieved=2022-05-30}}</ref> The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and [[Lazar Kaganovich|Kaganovich]] from the Presidium.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Revision as of 15:20, 18 June 2023
Nikita Khrushchev Никита Хрущёв | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 15 April 1894 Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 11 September 1971 (aged 77) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Political orientation | Leninism (claimed) Revisionism |
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964. In 1956, he denounced Stalin and blamed all problems in the USSR on his supposed cult of personality.[1]
Early life
Khrushchev was born in a peasant family and served as Party Secretary of Ukraine from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the party and tolerating Ukrainian nationalism. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.[2]
Death of Stalin
Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and Albanian leader Enver Hoxha accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.[3]
Rule as General Secretary
Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial workers in the CPSU reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.[4] He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized state planning.[2]
In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in Kazakhstan and Siberia. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957.
In 1964, the Soviet government forced Khrushchev to retire and reverted some of his policies.[2]
Secret Speech
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Joseph Stalin in his "Secret Speech" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrentiy Beria as "Stalinists."
In June 1957, Malenkov's anti-revisionist faction won the majority in the Presidium, but Khrushchev argued that only the Central Committee could remove him from power.[4] The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and Kaganovich from the Presidium.[2]
Khrushchev Thaw
Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of liberal ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the anti-Semite Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. He greatly increased party recruitment, leading to some non-communists joining the party.[2]
Ideological deviations
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Khrushchev claimed that the CPSU was the vanguard of the whole people instead of just the working class and peasants.[2]
National question
Khrushchev believed that a single Soviet nation would replace the existing nationalities of the USSR. Bourgeois nationalism increased in response to this policy.[2]
References
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2017). Red Star over the Third World: 'Polycentric Communism' (p. 117). [PDF] New Delhi: LeftWord Books.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny (2010). Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union: 'Two Trends in Soviet Politics' (pp. 29–41). [PDF] iUniverse.com. ISBN 9781450241717
- ↑ “All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life”
Enver Hoxha (1981). With Stalin: Memoirs (p. 31). [MIA] - ↑ 4.0 4.1 TheFinnishBolshevik (2019-05-07). "The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)" ML-Theory. Archived from the original on 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2022-05-30.