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The '''Easter Rising'''<ref group="lower-alpha">Irish: ''Éirí Amach na Cásca''</ref> was a rebellion against [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] rule in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] in 1916. The rising was started on April 24, 1916 in [[Dublin]] by [[Irish Republicanism|Irish Republicans]] including Irish Socialist [[James Connolly]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Francis X. Martin|year=2019|title=Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising: Dublin 1916|page=105}}</ref> The groups involved with the rising include the [[Irish Volunteers]], the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]], the [[Irish Citizens Army]], and [[Cumann na mBan]]. After 6 days of fighting the rebels surrendered. In the months following the British executed most leaders of the rising, and imprisoned thousands of participants in prison camps including Frongoch camp in [[Wales]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Maev Kennedy|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Welsh village summons ghosts of Ireland's revolutionary past|date=2015, December 27|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/27/welsh-village-frongoch-summons-ghosts-irelands-revolutionary-past}}</ref> | The '''Easter Rising'''<ref group="lower-alpha">Irish: ''Éirí Amach na Cásca''</ref> was a rebellion against [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] rule in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] in 1916. The rising was started on April 24, 1916 in [[Dublin]] by [[Irish Republicanism|Irish Republicans]] including Irish Socialist [[James Connolly]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Francis X. Martin|year=2019|title=Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising: Dublin 1916|page=105}}</ref> The groups involved with the rising include the [[Irish Volunteers]], the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]], the [[Irish Citizens Army]], and [[Cumann na mBan]]. After 6 days of fighting the rebels surrendered. In the months following the British executed most leaders of the rising, and imprisoned thousands of participants in prison camps including Frongoch camp in [[Wales]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Maev Kennedy|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Welsh village summons ghosts of Ireland's revolutionary past|date=2015, December 27|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/27/welsh-village-frongoch-summons-ghosts-irelands-revolutionary-past}}</ref> | ||
== Groups Involved == | |||
=== Irish Volunteers === | |||
The Irish volunteers were an Irish Republican organization founded in 1913 to oppose Protestant paramilitaries and support Irish national liberation.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=1916 Rebellion Walking Tour|title=ORGANISATIONS LINKED TO THE EASTER RISING|url=https://www.1916rising.com/cms/history/leaders-soldiers-and-poets/organisations-linked-to-the-easter-rising/}}</ref> | The Irish volunteers were an Irish Republican organization founded in 1913 to oppose Protestant paramilitaries and support Irish national liberation.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=1916 Rebellion Walking Tour|title=ORGANISATIONS LINKED TO THE EASTER RISING|url=https://www.1916rising.com/cms/history/leaders-soldiers-and-poets/organisations-linked-to-the-easter-rising/}}</ref> | ||
=== Irish Citizens Army === | |||
A Socialist republican group founded during the 1913 Dublin Lockout by James Connolly and others.<ref name=":0" /> | A Socialist republican group founded during the 1913 Dublin Lockout by James Connolly and others.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Cumann na mBan === | |||
A women's group founded in 1914 whose members included Constance Markievicz and other Socialist Republicans.<ref name=":0" /> | A women's group founded in 1914 whose members included Constance Markievicz and other Socialist Republicans.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== | === Irish Republican Brotherhood === | ||
A Irish Republican secret society founded in 1858 by former members of the Young Ireland movement. It pioneered the strategy of bombings of infrastructure, military, and political targets.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC|title=The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml}}</ref> | |||
==== James Connolly | == Leaders == | ||
=== James Connolly === | |||
James Connolly was an Irish Socialist and Trade Unionist who founded the Irish Citizens army and was involved in the 1913 Dublin Lockout as well as the Easter Rising. He was one of the seven signatories of the [[Proclamation of the Irish Republic]] and was executed in the aftermath.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Marxists Internet Archive|title=James Connolly|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/connolly/index.htm}}</ref> | James Connolly was an Irish Socialist and Trade Unionist who founded the Irish Citizens army and was involved in the 1913 Dublin Lockout as well as the Easter Rising. He was one of the seven signatories of the [[Proclamation of the Irish Republic]] and was executed in the aftermath.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Marxists Internet Archive|title=James Connolly|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/connolly/index.htm}}</ref> | ||
=== Patrick Pearse === | |||
Sometimes referred to by the Irish language names Padraig or Padraic. He was a schoolteacher in Dublin and a longtime supporter of Irish Nationalism and Republicanism. He was also a poet, with is most famous poem Óró sé do bheatha abhaile becoming a well known Irish Republican anthem during his life and after his death. He was another signatory of the proclamation, and is considered to have been the most prominent leader of the rising. He was also executed in the aftermath.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC|title=Easter Rising Profiles Patrick Pearse|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po11.shtml}}</ref> | Sometimes referred to by the Irish language names Padraig or Padraic. He was a schoolteacher in Dublin and a longtime supporter of Irish Nationalism and Republicanism. He was also a poet, with is most famous poem Óró sé do bheatha abhaile becoming a well known Irish Republican anthem during his life and after his death. He was another signatory of the proclamation, and is considered to have been the most prominent leader of the rising. He was also executed in the aftermath.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC|title=Easter Rising Profiles Patrick Pearse|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po11.shtml}}</ref> | ||
=== Constance Markievicz === | |||
She was a leading member of both Cumann na mBan and the Irish Citizens Army and founded the youth group Fianna Eireann. Despite coming from a prominent and wealthy Anglo-Irish (English families who had lived in Ireland for several generations), Markievicz was a [[Socialism|Socialist]] and [[Feminist]] in addition to being an Irish Republican. After the Rising, was elected to the British parliament in 1918, becoming the first woman ever elected to parliament in Britain. However, as an Irish Republican, she did not take her seat in Westminster and instead formed the First Dail with other Irish Republicans, leading to the Irish Revolution.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Women's Museum of Ireland|title=Constance Markievicz|url=https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/constance-markievicz}}</ref> | She was a leading member of both Cumann na mBan and the Irish Citizens Army and founded the youth group Fianna Eireann. Despite coming from a prominent and wealthy Anglo-Irish (English families who had lived in Ireland for several generations), Markievicz was a [[Socialism|Socialist]] and [[Feminist]] in addition to being an Irish Republican. After the Rising, was elected to the British parliament in 1918, becoming the first woman ever elected to parliament in Britain. However, as an Irish Republican, she did not take her seat in Westminster and instead formed the First Dail with other Irish Republicans, leading to the Irish Revolution.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Women's Museum of Ireland|title=Constance Markievicz|url=https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/constance-markievicz}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:49, 25 March 2024
The Easter Rising[a] was a rebellion against British rule in Ireland in 1916. The rising was started on April 24, 1916 in Dublin by Irish Republicans including Irish Socialist James Connolly.[1] The groups involved with the rising include the Irish Volunteers, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Irish Citizens Army, and Cumann na mBan. After 6 days of fighting the rebels surrendered. In the months following the British executed most leaders of the rising, and imprisoned thousands of participants in prison camps including Frongoch camp in Wales.[2]
Groups Involved
Irish Volunteers
The Irish volunteers were an Irish Republican organization founded in 1913 to oppose Protestant paramilitaries and support Irish national liberation.[3]
Irish Citizens Army
A Socialist republican group founded during the 1913 Dublin Lockout by James Connolly and others.[3]
Cumann na mBan
A women's group founded in 1914 whose members included Constance Markievicz and other Socialist Republicans.[3]
Irish Republican Brotherhood
A Irish Republican secret society founded in 1858 by former members of the Young Ireland movement. It pioneered the strategy of bombings of infrastructure, military, and political targets.[4]
Leaders
James Connolly
James Connolly was an Irish Socialist and Trade Unionist who founded the Irish Citizens army and was involved in the 1913 Dublin Lockout as well as the Easter Rising. He was one of the seven signatories of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic and was executed in the aftermath.[5]
Patrick Pearse
Sometimes referred to by the Irish language names Padraig or Padraic. He was a schoolteacher in Dublin and a longtime supporter of Irish Nationalism and Republicanism. He was also a poet, with is most famous poem Óró sé do bheatha abhaile becoming a well known Irish Republican anthem during his life and after his death. He was another signatory of the proclamation, and is considered to have been the most prominent leader of the rising. He was also executed in the aftermath.[6]
Constance Markievicz
She was a leading member of both Cumann na mBan and the Irish Citizens Army and founded the youth group Fianna Eireann. Despite coming from a prominent and wealthy Anglo-Irish (English families who had lived in Ireland for several generations), Markievicz was a Socialist and Feminist in addition to being an Irish Republican. After the Rising, was elected to the British parliament in 1918, becoming the first woman ever elected to parliament in Britain. However, as an Irish Republican, she did not take her seat in Westminster and instead formed the First Dail with other Irish Republicans, leading to the Irish Revolution.[7]
Notes
- ↑ Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca
References
- ↑ Francis X. Martin (2019). Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising: Dublin 1916 (p. 105).
- ↑ Maev Kennedy (2015, December 27). "Welsh village summons ghosts of Ireland's revolutionary past" The Guardian.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "ORGANISATIONS LINKED TO THE EASTER RISING". 1916 Rebellion Walking Tour.
- ↑ "The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)". BBC.
- ↑ "James Connolly". Marxists Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Easter Rising Profiles Patrick Pearse". BBC.
- ↑ "Constance Markievicz". Women's Museum of Ireland.