German Democratic Republic (1949–1990): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=German Democratic Republic|government_type=Federal Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1949–1952)<br />Unitary Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1952–1989)<br />Unitary parliamentary republic (1989–1990)|currency=East German mark|date_event1=9 November 1989|event1=Fall of Anti-Fascist Protection Wall|date_pre=8 May 1945|event_pre=Soviet liberation of Germany|event_start=Constitution adopted|event_end=Annexation by West Germany|date_end=3 October|date_start=7 October|leader_name4=Egon Krenz|leader_title4=1989|leader_name3=Erich Honecker|leader_title3=1971–1989|leader_name2=Walter Ulbricht|native_name=Deutsche Demokratische Republik|leader_title2=1950–1971|leader_name1=Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl|leader_title1=1946–1950|population_census_year=1990|population_census=16,111,000|mode_of_production=Socialism|area_km2=108,333|official_languages=German|capital=East Berlin|englishmotto=Workers of the the world, unite!|motto=Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!|year_end=1990|year_start=1949|name=|HDI=0.953 (1989)|drives_on=right|GDP_PPP_year=1989|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$42,004|GDP_PPP=$525.29 billion|cctld=.dd|calling_code=+37|legislature=[[Volkskammer]]|national_anthem="Auferstanden aus Ruinen"<br />"Risen from Ruins"|population_density_km2=149|today=[[Germany]]}} | {{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=German Democratic Republic|government_type=Federal Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1949–1952)<br />Unitary Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1952–1989)<br />Unitary parliamentary republic (1989–1990)|currency=East German mark|date_event1=9 November 1989|event1=Fall of [[Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart|Anti-Fascist Protection Wall]]|date_pre=8 May 1945|event_pre=Soviet liberation of Germany|event_start=Constitution adopted|event_end=Annexation by West Germany|date_end=3 October|date_start=7 October|leader_name4=[[Egon Krenz]]|leader_title4=1989|leader_name3=[[Erich Honecker]]|leader_title3=1971–1989|leader_name2=[[Walter Ulbricht]]|native_name=Deutsche Demokratische Republik|leader_title2=1950–1971|leader_name1=[[Wilhelm Pieck]] and [[Otto Grotewohl]]|leader_title1=1946–1950|population_census_year=1990|population_census=16,111,000|mode_of_production=Socialism|area_km2=108,333|official_languages=German|capital=East Berlin|englishmotto=Workers of the the world, unite!|motto=Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!|year_end=1990|year_start=1949|name=|HDI=0.953 (1989)|drives_on=right|GDP_PPP_year=1989|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$42,004|GDP_PPP=$525.29 billion|cctld=.dd|calling_code=+37|legislature=[[Volkskammer]]|national_anthem="Auferstanden aus Ruinen"<br />"Risen from Ruins"|population_density_km2=149|today=[[Germany]]|image_flag=GDR flag.png}} | ||
The '''German Democratic Republic''' (German: ''Deutsche Demokratische Republik'', '''GDR''' or '''DDR'''), sometimes referred to as '''East Germany''', was a country that existed from 1949 to 1990. In Western media it was referred to as a [[communist state]], but it described itself as a [[Socialist state|socialist]] "workers' and peasants' state".<ref>'''Chapter 1, Article 1''' of the ''1968 Constitution of the German Democratic Republic (1974 amendments) [[http://www.documentarchiv.de/ddr/verfddr.html Text (in German)]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318151408/http://www.documentarchiv.de/ddr/verfddr.html Archived]]''</ref> | The '''German Democratic Republic''' (German: ''Deutsche Demokratische Republik'', '''GDR''' or '''DDR'''), sometimes referred to as '''East Germany''', was a country that existed from 1949 to 1990. In Western media it was referred to as a [[communist state]], but it described itself as a [[Socialist state|socialist]] "workers' and peasants' state".<ref>'''Chapter 1, Article 1''' of the ''1968 Constitution of the German Democratic Republic (1974 amendments) [[http://www.documentarchiv.de/ddr/verfddr.html Text (in German)]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318151408/http://www.documentarchiv.de/ddr/verfddr.html Archived]]''</ref> | ||
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The GDR was annexed by the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as West Germany, on 3 October 1990. | The GDR was annexed by the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as West Germany, on 3 October 1990. | ||
== Economy == | |||
From 1951 to 1989, the GDR's GDP grew at an average rate of 4.5% per year, while [[Federal Republic of Germany|West Germany]]'s GDP only grew by 4.3%.<ref>{{Citation|author=Karl Mai|year=2009|title=GDR - FRG in an economic-statistical comparison 1950 to 1989 - On new results by Prof. Gerhard Heske|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613132353/http://www.memo.uni-bremen.de/docs/m3309.pdf|trans-title=DDR – BRD im ökonomisch-statistischen Vergleich 1950 bis 1989 - Zu neuen Ergebnissen von Prof. Gerhard Heske|trans-lang=German}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Average Wages of Workers | |||
!Year | |||
!Monthly wage (DDM)<ref>{{Citation|author=Stephen R. Burrant|year=1987|title=East Germany: A Country Study|title-url=https://archive.org/details/eastgermanycount00bura_0/page/154/mode/2up?view=theater&q=755|chapter=The Economy|section=The Consumer in the East German Economy|page=154|publisher=United States Federal Research Division}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
|1950 | |||
|311 | |||
|- | |||
|1960 | |||
|555 | |||
|- | |||
|1970 | |||
|755 | |||
|- | |||
|1985 | |||
|1,130 | |||
|} | |||
== Women's Rights == | |||
80% of women in the GDR between the ages of 18 and 60 were employed. By 1985, half of the university students in the country were female, doubling from a quarter in 1960.<ref>{{Citation|author=Stephen R. Burrant|year=1987|title=East Germany: A Country Study|title-url=https://archive.org/details/eastgermanycount00bura_0/page/102/mode/2up?view=theater|chapter=The Society and Its Environment|section=Women and the Democratic Women's League of Germany|page=102|publisher=United States Federal Research Division}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Former socialist republics]] | |||
Revision as of 12:44, 15 April 2022
Deutsche Demokratische Republik | |
|---|---|
| 1949–1990 | |
 Flag | |
Motto: Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch! Workers of the the world, unite! | |
Anthem: "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" "Risen from Ruins" | |
| Capital | East Berlin |
| Official languages | German |
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism |
| Government | Federal Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1949–1952) Unitary Marxist-Leninist socialist republic (1952–1989) Unitary parliamentary republic (1989–1990) |
• 1946–1950 | Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl |
• 1950–1971 | Walter Ulbricht |
• 1971–1989 | Erich Honecker |
• 1989 | Egon Krenz |
| Legislature | Volkskammer |
| History | |
• Soviet liberation of Germany | 8 May 1945 |
• Constitution adopted | 7 October 1949 |
• Fall of Anti-Fascist Protection Wall | 9 November 1989 |
• Annexation by West Germany | 3 October 1990 |
| Area | |
• Total | 108,333 km² |
| Population | |
• 1990 census | 16,111,000 |
• Density | 149 km² |
| GDP (PPP) | 1989 estimate |
• Total | $525.29 billion |
• Per capita | $42,004 |
| HDI | 0.953 (1989) |
| Currency | East German mark |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +37 |
| Internet TLD | .dd |
| Today part of | Germany |
The German Democratic Republic (German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, GDR or DDR), sometimes referred to as East Germany, was a country that existed from 1949 to 1990. In Western media it was referred to as a communist state, but it described itself as a socialist "workers' and peasants' state".[1]
The GDR was formed on 7 October 1949 with the adoption of its first constitution; elections for the Constitutional Assembly were held 5 months earlier, on 15 and 16 May 1949.
The GDR was annexed by the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as West Germany, on 3 October 1990.
Economy
From 1951 to 1989, the GDR's GDP grew at an average rate of 4.5% per year, while West Germany's GDP only grew by 4.3%.[2]
| Year | Monthly wage (DDM)[3] |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 311 |
| 1960 | 555 |
| 1970 | 755 |
| 1985 | 1,130 |
Women's Rights
80% of women in the GDR between the ages of 18 and 60 were employed. By 1985, half of the university students in the country were female, doubling from a quarter in 1960.[4]
References
- ↑ Chapter 1, Article 1 of the 1968 Constitution of the German Democratic Republic (1974 amendments) [Text (in German); Archived]
- ↑ Karl Mai (2009). GDR - FRG in an economic-statistical comparison 1950 to 1989 - On new results by Prof. Gerhard Heske (German: DDR – BRD im ökonomisch-statistischen Vergleich 1950 bis 1989 - Zu neuen Ergebnissen von Prof. Gerhard Heske). [PDF]
- ↑ Stephen R. Burrant (1987). East Germany: A Country Study: 'The Economy; The Consumer in the East German Economy' (p. 154). United States Federal Research Division.
- ↑ Stephen R. Burrant (1987). East Germany: A Country Study: 'The Society and Its Environment; Women and the Democratic Women's League of Germany' (p. 102). United States Federal Research Division.