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== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Khrushchev was born in a [[Peasantry|peasant]] family and served as Party Secretary of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)|Ukraine]] from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|party]] and tolerating [[Ukrainian nationalism]]. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Two Trends in Soviet Politics|page= | Khrushchev was born in a [[Peasantry|peasant]] family and served as Party Secretary of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)|Ukraine]] from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|party]] and tolerating [[Ukrainian nationalism]]. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny|year=2010|title=Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union|chapter=Two Trends in Soviet Politics|page=29–41|pdf=https://ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceaj5ucph44bjwyhlhsbycckr3ts76zbucn2hbrea32tltcd4s5ekg?filename=Roger%20Keeran_%20Thomas%20Kenny%20-%20Socialism%20Betrayed_%20Behind%20the%20Collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union-iUniverse.com%20%282010%29.pdf|publisher=iUniverse.com|isbn=9781450241717}}</ref> | ||
== Death of Stalin == | |||
Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)|Albanian]] leader [[Enver Hoxha]] accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Enver Hoxha]]|year=1981|title=[[Library:With Stalin: Memoirs| With Stalin: Memoirs]]|page=31|quote=All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/stalin/intro.htm}}</ref> | |||
== Rule as General Secretary == | == Rule as General Secretary == | ||
Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial [[Proletariat|workers]] in the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.<ref name=":1" /> He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized [[Planned economy|state planning]].<ref name=":0" /> | Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial [[Proletariat|workers]] in the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.<ref name=":1" /> He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized [[Planned economy|state planning]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] and [[Siberia]]. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957.<ref name=":0" /> | In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] and [[Siberia]]. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957. | ||
In 1964, the Soviet government forced Khrushchev to retire and reverted some of his policies.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== Secret Speech === | === Secret Speech === | ||
| Line 17: | Line 22: | ||
=== Khrushchev Thaw === | === Khrushchev Thaw === | ||
Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of [[Liberalism|liberal]] ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the [[Antisemitism|anti-Semite]] [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]].<ref name=":0" /> | Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of [[Liberalism|liberal]] ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the [[Antisemitism|anti-Semite]] [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]. He greatly increased party recruitment, leading to some non-communists joining the party.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== | == Ideological deviations == | ||
== | === Dictatorship of the proletariat === | ||
Khrushchev claimed that the CPSU was the vanguard of the whole people instead of just the [[Proletariat|working class]] and [[Peasantry|peasants]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
=== National question === | === National question === | ||
Revision as of 23:27, 4 November 2022
Nikita Khrushchev Никита Хрущёв | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 15 April 1894 Kalinovka, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 11 September 1971 Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Political orientation | Revisionism |
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a revisionist Soviet politician who was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964.
Early life
Khrushchev was born in a peasant family and served as Party Secretary of Ukraine from 1938 to 1949. Party leadership criticized him for admitting too many people into the party and tolerating Ukrainian nationalism. In 1949, he moved to Moscow and became the party secretary there.[1]
Death of Stalin
Khrushchev may have been responsible for the death of Stalin, who was General Secretary from 1921 to his death in 1953. Stalin died under suspicious circumstances and Albanian leader Enver Hoxha accused Khrushchev and his allies of murdering Stalin.[2]
Rule as General Secretary
Under Khrushchev's rule, the percentage of industrial workers in the CPSU reduced to 30% and the number of white-collar officials increased to 50%.[3] He prioritized consumer goods over heavy industry and decentralized state planning.[1]
In 1954, he began the Virgin Lands program to cultivate sparsely populated fertile land, mainly in Kazakhstan and Siberia. 300,000 volunteers participated in the campaign and plowed 27 million hectares of new land in two years. The campaign was initially successful but began to decline in 1957.
In 1964, the Soviet government forced Khrushchev to retire and reverted some of his policies.[1]
Secret Speech
In 1956, Khrushchev denounced Joseph Stalin in his "Secret Speech" and made many false claims against him. He labeled his political opponents, including Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrentiy Beria as "Stalinists."
In June 1957, Malenkov's anti-revisionist faction won the majority in the Presidium, but Khrushchev argued that only the Central Committee could remove him from power.[3] The Central Committee then purged Malenkov, Molotov, and Kaganovich from the Presidium.[1]
Khrushchev Thaw
Khrushchev's reduction of censorship lead to the spread of liberal ideas and allowed the publication of novels by the anti-Semite Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. He greatly increased party recruitment, leading to some non-communists joining the party.[1]
Ideological deviations
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Khrushchev claimed that the CPSU was the vanguard of the whole people instead of just the working class and peasants.[1]
National question
Khrushchev believed that one Soviet nation could replace all the nationalities of the Soviet Union. He proposed combining all the Central Asian republics into one.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Roger Keeran, Thomas Kenny (2010). Socialism Betrayed: Behind the Collapse of the Soviet Union: 'Two Trends in Soviet Politics' (pp. 29–41). [PDF] iUniverse.com. ISBN 9781450241717
- ↑ “All this villainy emerged soon after the death, or to be more precise after the murder, of Stalin. I say after the murder of Stalin, because Mikoyan himself told me...that they, together with Khrushchev and their associates, had decided...to make an attempt on Stalin’s life”
Enver Hoxha (1981). With Stalin: Memoirs (p. 31). [MIA] - ↑ 3.0 3.1 TheFinnishBolshevik (2019-05-07). "The Khrushchev Coup (Death of Stalin & Khrushchev’s Rise to Power)" ML-Theory. Archived from the original on 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2022-05-30.