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== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early U.S. colonization === | |||
[[Matthew Perry]] created the first military base in the Kingdom of Okinawa and used it to impose unequal treaties on Japan and Okinawa.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=Going Global|page=177|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> | |||
=== Japanese colonization === | === Japanese colonization === | ||
| Line 11: | Line 14: | ||
The United States invaded Okinawa in April 1945. A third of the Okinawan population was killed and over 90% of the survivors became homeless.<ref name=":0" /> | The United States invaded Okinawa in April 1945. A third of the Okinawan population was killed and over 90% of the survivors became homeless.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== | === Postwar occupation === | ||
The United States directly controlled Okinawa until 1972, when it became a prefecture of Japan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Lacei Amodei|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Okinawan women fight against GI abuses|date=2008-03-04|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/08-03-04-okinawan-women-fight-against-gi-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714121710/https://www.liberationnews.org/08-03-04-okinawan-women-fight-against-gi-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-09-13}}</ref> In 2016, 65,000 people protested against the U.S. military presence in Okinawa.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Andrea Germanos|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=‘Our Anger Is Past Its Limit’: Tens Of Thousands Rally Against US Bases In Okinawa|date=2016-06-20|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/anger-past-limit-tens-thousands-rally-us-bases-okinawa/217349/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126213048/https://www.mintpressnews.com/anger-past-limit-tens-thousands-rally-us-bases-okinawa/217349/|archive-date=2021-01-26|retrieved=2022-09-13}}</ref> | The United States directly controlled Okinawa until 1972, when it became a prefecture of Japan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Lacei Amodei|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Okinawan women fight against GI abuses|date=2008-03-04|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/08-03-04-okinawan-women-fight-against-gi-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714121710/https://www.liberationnews.org/08-03-04-okinawan-women-fight-against-gi-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-09-13}}</ref> In 2016, 65,000 people protested against the U.S. military presence in Okinawa.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Andrea Germanos|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=‘Our Anger Is Past Its Limit’: Tens Of Thousands Rally Against US Bases In Okinawa|date=2016-06-20|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/anger-past-limit-tens-thousands-rally-us-bases-okinawa/217349/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126213048/https://www.mintpressnews.com/anger-past-limit-tens-thousands-rally-us-bases-okinawa/217349/|archive-date=2021-01-26|retrieved=2022-09-13}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 18:57, 14 July 2023
Okinawa Prefecture 沖縄県 | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Naha |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,281 km² |
| Population | |
• 2020 census | 1,466,870 |
Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost prefecture of Japan. Although it makes up less than 1% of Japan's land area, it contains three-quarters of the U.S. military bases in Japan and 30,000 U.S. soldiers.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
Early U.S. colonization[edit | edit source]
Matthew Perry created the first military base in the Kingdom of Okinawa and used it to impose unequal treaties on Japan and Okinawa.[2]
Japanese colonization[edit | edit source]
Okinawa was an independent kingdom until being colonized by Japan in 1879. The Empire of Japan suppressed Okinawan language and culture.[3]
Second World War[edit | edit source]
The United States invaded Okinawa in April 1945. A third of the Okinawan population was killed and over 90% of the survivors became homeless.[1]
Postwar occupation[edit | edit source]
The United States directly controlled Okinawa until 1972, when it became a prefecture of Japan.[4] In 2016, 65,000 people protested against the U.S. military presence in Okinawa.[5]
Pollution[edit | edit source]
U.S. military bases are polluting the Okinawan environment with carcinogens including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The concentration of PFAS in the blood of Okinawans is more than 10 ng/mL in six towns and cities and above 20 in three.[6]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Moé Yonamine (2017-07-27). "Fighting for Okinawa — My Home, Not a Military Base" Zinn Education Project. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ David Vine (2020). The United States of War: 'Going Global' (p. 177). Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520972070 [LG]
- ↑ Elliott Gabriel (2018-03-01). "Amid Marine Base Hazards, Okinawa Struggles With New Wave of US & Japanese Militarization" MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ Lacei Amodei (2008-03-04). "Okinawan women fight against GI abuses" Liberation News. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ Andrea Germanos (2016-06-20). "‘Our Anger Is Past Its Limit’: Tens Of Thousands Rally Against US Bases In Okinawa" MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ Pat Elder (2022-12-28). "The U.S. Military is Poisoning Okinawa" CovertAction Magazine. Archived from the original on 2022-12-30. Retrieved 2022-12-30.