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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Panama|native_name=República de Panamá|image_flag=Flag of Panama.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Panama.svg|capital=Panama City|largest_city=Panama City|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|image_map=Panama map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Spanish|area_km2=75,417|population_estimate=4,337,768|population_estimate_year=2022}} | {{Infobox country|name=Republic of Panama|native_name=República de Panamá|image_flag=Flag of Panama.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Panama.svg|capital=Panama City|largest_city=Panama City|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|image_map=Panama map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=Spanish|area_km2=75,417|population_estimate=4,337,768|population_estimate_year=2022}} | ||
'''Panama''', officially the '''Republic of Panama''', is a transcontinental country connecting [[South America]] and [[North America]]. | '''Panama''', officially the '''Republic of Panama''', is a transcontinental country connecting [[South America]] and [[North America]]. Between 1856 and 1989, the [[United States of America|United States]] invaded Panama 24 times.<ref name=":022">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Military Opens Doors|page=208|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
In 1903, when [[Republic of Colombia|Colombia]] rejected a U.S. proposal to build a [[Panama Canal|canal]] through its province of Panama, the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] helped separatists declare independence and pressured them to sign a treaty with the USA. If they refused, the USA would led Colombia retake the territory. Panama signed the treaty, giving the USA control of 553 square miles and allowing it to invade any part of Panama.<ref name=":022" /> | |||
From the 1940s to the 1990s, the [[United States of America|United States]] tested chemical weapons including mustard gas, VX, sarin, Agent Orange, and cyanide in Panama.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=United States Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons | From the 1940s to the 1990s, the [[United States of America|United States]] tested chemical weapons including mustard gas, VX, sarin, Agent Orange, and cyanide in Panama.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=United States Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons | ||
Abroad|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=97}}</ref> The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] helped one of [[Manuel Noriega]]'s allies win the 1984 presidential election.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=Perverting Elections|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=146}}</ref> In 1989, the USA [[United States invasion of Panama|invaded and bombed Panama]], killing thousands of Panamanians and leaving 15,000 more homeless.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, | Abroad|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=97}}</ref> The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] helped one of [[Manuel Noriega]]'s allies win the 1984 presidential election.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=Perverting Elections|isbn=9781842772201|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29EED3C6906FF165E08303B9EAF66B4F|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedas5bwprytpzcih6tof3ipede5uzmcvt47tfzwp4cptdau6vmjpy?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Rogue%20State_%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20World%27s%20Only%20Superpower-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282002%29.pdf|page=146}}</ref> In 1989, the USA [[United States invasion of Panama|invaded and bombed Panama]], killing thousands of Panamanians and leaving 15,000 more homeless.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2002|title=Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower|chapter=A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, | ||
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[[Category:Central American countries]] | [[Category:Central American countries]] | ||
[[Category:Global south]] | [[Category:Global south]] | ||
[[Category:Latin American countries]] | [[Category:Latin American countries]] | ||
[[Category:North American countries]] | [[Category:North American countries]] | ||
[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]] | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panama}} | |||
Revision as of 22:03, 21 July 2023
| Republic of Panama República de Panamá | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Panama City |
| Official languages | Spanish |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Area | |
• Total | 75,417 km² |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 4,337,768 |
Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a transcontinental country connecting South America and North America. Between 1856 and 1989, the United States invaded Panama 24 times.[1]
History
In 1903, when Colombia rejected a U.S. proposal to build a canal through its province of Panama, the U.S. Navy helped separatists declare independence and pressured them to sign a treaty with the USA. If they refused, the USA would led Colombia retake the territory. Panama signed the treaty, giving the USA control of 553 square miles and allowing it to invade any part of Panama.[1]
From the 1940s to the 1990s, the United States tested chemical weapons including mustard gas, VX, sarin, Agent Orange, and cyanide in Panama.[2] The CIA helped one of Manuel Noriega's allies win the 1984 presidential election.[3] In 1989, the USA invaded and bombed Panama, killing thousands of Panamanians and leaving 15,000 more homeless.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 David Vine (2020). The United States of War: 'The Military Opens Doors' (p. 208). Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520972070 [LG]
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'United States Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons Abroad' (p. 97). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'Perverting Elections' (p. 146). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'A Concise History of United States Global Interventions, 1945 to the Present' (pp. 130–131). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]