Sandinista National Liberation Front: Difference between revisions

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The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto César Sandino, who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.^[1]

The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza DeBayle in 1979, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place.^[2]^[3] Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted a policy of mass literacy, devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted gender equality^[4] A US-backed group, known as the Contras, was formed in 1981 to overthrow the Sandinista government and was funded and trained by the Central Intelligence Agency.^[5] In 1984 elections were held^[6] but were boycotted by some opposition parties. The FSLN won the majority of the votes,^[7] and those who opposed the Sandinistas won approximately a third of the seats. The civil war between the Contras and the government continued until 1989. After revising the constitution in 1987, and after years of fighting the Contras, the FSLN lost the 1990 election to Violeta Barrios de Chamorro but retained a plurality of seats in the legislature.

The FSLN is now Nicaragua's sole leading party. It often polls in opposition to the much smaller Constitutionalist Liberal Party, or PLC. In the 2006 Nicaraguan general election, former FSLN President Daniel Ortega was reelected President of Nicaragua with 38.7% of the vote to 29% for his leading rival, bringing in the country's second Sandinista government after 17 years of other parties winning elections. Ortega and the FSLN were reelected in the presidential elections of 2011and of 2016.

External links

Template:External links

References

↑ History Matters "To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César Sandino Retrieved 29/09/12
↑ The Cuban Revolution and Its Extension: Resolution of the Socialist Workers Party. Page 74
↑ States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines by Misargh Parsa for Cambridge University Press. Page 224.
↑ "In pictures: Sandinista revolution remembered", BBC, Juny 20, 2010
↑ ICJ (Nicaragua v. United States of America) 27 June 1986, Retrieved 26/09/12
↑ 1984: Sandinistas claim election victory, BBC – On This Day
↑

[historymatters.gmu.edu-1] History Matters "To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César Sandino Retrieved 29/09/12

[2] The Cuban Revolution and Its Extension: Resolution of the Socialist Workers Party. Page 74

[3] States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines by Misargh Parsa for Cambridge University Press. Page 224.

[4] "In pictures: Sandinista revolution remembered", BBC, Juny 20, 2010

[5] ICJ (Nicaragua v. United States of America) 27 June 1986, Retrieved 26/09/12

[6] 1984: Sandinistas claim election victory, BBC – On This Day

[7] ↑

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[2]

[3]

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 The '''Sandinista National Liberation Front''' ('''FSLN''') is a [[Socialism|socialist]] political party in [[Nicaragua]]. Its members are called '''Sandinistas''' in both English and Spanish. The party is named after [[Augusto César Sandino]], who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the [[United States occupation of Nicaragua]] in the 1930s.<ref name="historymatters.gmu.edu">History Matters [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4988 "To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César Sandino] Retrieved 29/09/12</ref>
-The FSLN overthrew [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle|Anastasio Somoza DeBayle]] in 1979, ending the [[Somoza family|Somoza dynasty]], and established a revolutionary government in its place.<ref>''The Cuban Revolution and Its Extension: Resolution of the Socialist Workers Party''. Page 74</ref><ref>''States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines'' by Misargh Parsa for Cambridge University Press. Page 224.</ref> Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a [[Junta of National Reconstruction]]. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted a policy of mass [[literacy]], devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted [[gender equality]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-10689502 "In pictures: Sandinista revolution remembered"], BBC, Juny 20, 2010</ref> but came under international criticism for [[human rights]] abuses, mass execution and oppression of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples]].<ref name="Nothing">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952200-1,00.html|title=Nothing Will Stop This Revolution|author1=George Russell|author2=William McWhirter|author3=Timothy Loughran|author4=Alessandra Stanley|date=1983-10-17|access-date=2009-03-30|work=Time}}</ref><ref>Stéphane Courtois et al. ''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''; Chapter 25: "Communism in Latin America"; Harvard University Press, {{ISBN|978-0674076082}}</ref> A US-backed group, known as the [[Contras]], was formed in 1981 to overthrow the Sandinista government and was funded and trained by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=367&code=nus&p1=3&p2=3&case=70&k=66&p3=5 ICJ (Nicaragua v. United States of America)] 27 June 1986, Retrieved 26/09/12</ref> In 1984 [[1984 Nicaraguan general election|elections]] were held<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm 1984: Sandinistas claim election victory], BBC – On This Day</ref> but were boycotted by some opposition parties. The FSLN won the majority of the votes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/central-american-history/history-of-nicaragua6.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808135818/http://history.howstuffworks.com/central-american-history/history-of-nicaragua6.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-08-08|title=HowStuffWorks "Nicaragua – The Sandinista Regime and After"|publisher=History.howstuffworks.com|date=2008-02-27|access-date=2013-04-18}}</ref> and those who opposed the Sandinistas won approximately a third of the seats. The civil war between the Contras and the government continued until 1989. After revising the constitution in 1987, and after years of fighting the Contras, the FSLN lost the [[1990 Nicaraguan general election|1990 election]] to [[Violeta Barrios de Chamorro]] but retained a plurality of seats in the legislature.
+The FSLN overthrew [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle|Anastasio Somoza DeBayle]] in 1979, ending the [[Somoza family|Somoza dynasty]], and established a revolutionary government in its place.<ref>''The Cuban Revolution and Its Extension: Resolution of the Socialist Workers Party''. Page 74</ref><ref>''States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines'' by Misargh Parsa for Cambridge University Press. Page 224.</ref> Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a [[Junta of National Reconstruction]]. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted a policy of mass [[literacy]], devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted [[gender equality]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-10689502 "In pictures: Sandinista revolution remembered"], BBC, Juny 20, 2010</ref> A US-backed group, known as the [[Contras]], was formed in 1981 to overthrow the Sandinista government and was funded and trained by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=367&code=nus&p1=3&p2=3&case=70&k=66&p3=5 ICJ (Nicaragua v. United States of America)] 27 June 1986, Retrieved 26/09/12</ref> In 1984 [[1984 Nicaraguan general election|elections]] were held<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/5/newsid_2538000/2538379.stm 1984: Sandinistas claim election victory], BBC – On This Day</ref> but were boycotted by some opposition parties. The FSLN won the majority of the votes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/central-american-history/history-of-nicaragua6.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808135818/http://history.howstuffworks.com/central-american-history/history-of-nicaragua6.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-08-08|title=HowStuffWorks "Nicaragua – The Sandinista Regime and After"|publisher=History.howstuffworks.com|date=2008-02-27|access-date=2013-04-18}}</ref> and those who opposed the Sandinistas won approximately a third of the seats. The civil war between the Contras and the government continued until 1989. After revising the constitution in 1987, and after years of fighting the Contras, the FSLN lost the [[1990 Nicaraguan general election|1990 election]] to [[Violeta Barrios de Chamorro]] but retained a plurality of seats in the legislature.
 The FSLN is now Nicaragua's sole leading party. It often polls in opposition to the much smaller [[Constitutionalist Liberal Party]], or PLC. In the [[2006 Nicaraguan general election]], former FSLN President [[Daniel Ortega]] was reelected [[President of Nicaragua]] with 38.7% of the vote to 29% for his leading rival, bringing in the country's second Sandinista government after 17 years of other parties winning elections. Ortega and the FSLN were reelected in the presidential elections of [[2011 Nicaraguan general election|2011]]<nowiki/>and of [[2016 Nicaraguan general election|2016]].