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| Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика | |
|---|---|
.svg) Flag (1973–1991)
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital | Ashgabat |
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism |
| Government | Marxist–Leninist socialist state |
| Area | |
• Total | 491,210 km² |
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was a republic of the Soviet Union in Central Asia.
Economy
Agriculture
From 1924 to 1940, the cotton yield of Turkmenistan increased by 450% and the yield per acre nearly doubled.[1] The percentage of the population working in agriculture dropped from 59.1% in 1939 to 48.6% in 1959.[2]
Industry
Industrial output in Turkmenistan increased by 74 times from 1913 to 1978. The percentage of the Turkmen population working in industry, transportation, and construction rose from 20.3% to 26.7% from 1939 to 1959.[2]
Living standards
Education
In 1940, there were 1,347 schools in Turkmenistan, most of which were in rural areas. In addition, there were four universities, 38 technical colleges, and 18 scientific research institutes.[1] The number of students of all levels in the Turkmen SSR increased by over 90 times following the revolution.[2]
Literacy
Before the October Revolution, less than 1% of the Turkmen population was literate.[1] The literacy rate rose to 14% in 1926,[2] 80% in 1940,[1] and 95.4% in 1959.[2]
In 1970, 65% of books and 70% of newspapers published in Turkmenistan were in the Turkmen language.[2]
Health care
In 1971, Turkmenistan had fewer doctors and hospital beds per capita than the all-USSR average, although there were more doctors per adult.[2]
Demographics
The proportion of Turkmens in the TSSR rose from 60.9% in 1959 to 68.4% in 1979. The amount of Russians dropped from 14.5% to 12.6% between 1970 and 1979.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 W. P., Zelda K. Coates (1940). Russia, Finland and the Baltic: 'Introduction'. [PDF] London, England: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd..
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Albert Szymanski (1984). Human Rights in the Soviet Union: 'The Asian Nationalities in the USSR' (pp. 39–57). [PDF] London: Zed Books Ltd.. ISBN 0862320186 [LG]