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Zionism is a settler colonial and racial supremacist ideology that calls for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, even if it comes at the expense of its native inhabitants. Many Jewish people oppose Zionism, and 38% of Statesian Jews under 40 years old believe Israel is an apartheid state.[1] Orthodox Jews also consider Zionism a severe violation of Jewish law.[2]
There are more than 20 million evangelical Christian Zionists in the United States. The largest Zionist organization in the U.S. is Christians United for Israel, which has 7 million members.[3]
History
Early Zionism
Before being adopted by Jews, Zionism was first proposed by European Christians. In the 16th century, English clergyman Thomas Brightman proposed that the Jewish diaspora return to Jerusalem. In the late 18th century, Austrian field marshal Charles-Joseph of Ligne said that the Jews should be returned to their homeland.
Zionism became more popular among Jewish people in the 19th century due to increased antisemitism in Europe and Russia. In 1897, Theodor Herzl founded the World Zionist Organization. At the end of the First World War, the British claimed former Ottoman territories, including Palestine. Evangelical Protestants encouraged Jews to leave Europe and settler migration into Palestine began. From 1936 to 1939, Arabs revolted against the British and the settlers. In 1939, the British restricted further Jewish immigration into Palestine. In 1947, the United Nations created a plan to partition Palestine into two independent states with a neutral Jerusalem.[4]
Establishment of Israel
Zionists started a war against Palestinians in 1947 and the State of Israel was established in 1948. Israel expelled 700,000 Palestinians from their land in an event known as the Nakba.[4]
Other proposed Jewish states
From 1658 to 1666, a Jewish colony existed in English Guiana.[5] In 1825, Mordecai Manuel Noah founded a Jewish city on Grand Island, New York. It never succeeded and the island was sold to a timber investor in 1833.[6] In 1903, Theodor Herzl proposed the creation of a Jewish state in British East Africa in what is now Kenya.[7]
UN Resolution 3379
On 10 November 1975, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution declaring Zionism to be a form of racism. It passed with 72 votes for, 32 against, and 35 abstentions.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Philip Weiss (2022-08-10). "Israel heads further right: 30-40 percent of young support fascistic Jewish party" Mondoweiss. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
- ↑ "The Government of Israel Has a Very Serious Antisemitism Problem" (2020-02-21). MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2022-09-12. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
- ↑ Whitney Webb (2019-07-12). "The Untold Story of Christian Zionism's Rise to Power in the United States" MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Deconstructing and debunking Zionism" (2019-11-20). Line Struggle Collective. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ Samuel Oppenheim. An Early Jewish Colony in Western Guiana, 1658-1666 (p. 95). American Jewish Historical Society.
- ↑ Michael Feldberg. "Mordecai Manuel Noah" My Jewish Learning. Archived from the original on 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ Alona Ferber (2015-08-15). "1903: Herzl Proposes Kenya (Not Uganda) as a Safe Haven for the Jews" Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination" (1975-11-10). United Nations Bibliographical Information System. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2022-09-25.