|name=French Republic
|image_coat=French coat of arms.svg|capital=Paris
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#REDIRECT [[French Republic#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)]]
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...in succession the seat of the [[French Republic|French]] governor and the French administrative capital.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Vientiane “Vi
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...m of the Two Sicilies|Sicily]], [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottomans]], [[French Republic|France]], and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...]|death_date=16 April 1859|nationality=French|death_place=Cannes, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|school_tradition=Classical [[liberalism]]}}
...harles Henri Clérel de Tocqueville''' (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859) was a French philosopher active in the 19th century. He hoped for a massive fire to [[Ov
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...[[Russian Empire]]|death_date=21 January 1870|death_place=Paris, [[French Empire (1852–1870)|France]]|political_orientation=[[Republicanism]]<br>[[Agrarian
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...od, Saint Helena]], [[British Empire]]|death_cause=Stomach cancer|known=*[[French Consulate|Provisional Consul of France]] (1799)
*[[French Consulate|First Consul of France]] (1799-1804)
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...792)|France]]|death_date=11 February 1650|death_place=Stockholm, [[Swedish Empire]]|image=René Descartes.png}}
'''René Descartes''' (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher and founder of [[rationalism]]. Despite his [[Idealism|idealist
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...he original] on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-12-04.</ref> [[French language|French]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Dutch language|Dutch]],<ref>spartakist 1919 (2020).:
...ussia (1701–1918)|Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]|death_date=8 June 1980 (aged 80)|death_place=[[Bernburg (Saale)|Bernburg]
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...ame=Johanna Arendt|birth_date=14 October 1906|birth_place=Linden, [[German Empire]]|death_date=4 December 1975|death_place=[[New York City]], [[State of New
...Origins of Totalitarianism'', written in 1946, criticize [[French Republic|French]] [[antisemitism]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irela
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...aris, [[France#Second republic and empire (1848–1870)|France]]|nationality=French|political_orientation=[[Anarchism]]<br>[[Utopian socialism]]|image=Proudhon
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...rtoon.jpg|alt=|thumb|An 1805 cartoon depicting [[French Empire (1804–1815)|French]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|English]] c
...56.4 million, and [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]] formed a colonial empire that subjugated 14.7 million.
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...1792)|France]]|death_date=1596|death_place=Laon, Aisne, France|nationality=French|image=Jean Bodin.png|image_size=200|school_tradition=[[Absolute monarchism]
...be slaves. While defenders of slavery pointed to its existence in [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Ancient Rome]], Bodin pointed out how the Roman slave syste
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...corrupted by [[Europe|Europeans]] to Tonquin. During the [[French Republic|French]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] period (1883–1945) the name Tonkin was used to r
...s mineral resources. Hanoi remained the administrative centre during the [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] occupation (1940–45) of the territory.<ref
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...n before partitioning it in 1639. The [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] conquered the Persian part of Armenia in 1828. During the [[First World W
...[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|Britain]] and [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]]. Armenian leftists founded the [[Armenian Sov
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...n=1299–1922|image_map=Ottoman Empire map.svg|map_width=260|map_caption=The empire at its peak in 1683 with vassal states in light green|area_km2=5,200,000|po
The '''Ottoman Empire''' was a state based in [[Western Asia]] that also controlled parts of [[Ba
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...list Republics (1922–1991)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR), [[French Republic]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] (UK),
{{Main article|German Empire (1871–1918)}}
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...ve_name=Royaume de France|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg|capital=Paris|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|governmen
...nomic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading powe
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...ar]] to divide the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]] between themselves when the war was over. The two architects of this trea
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...hen the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and Spanish armies drove [[French Empire (1804–1815)|France]] from the [[Iberian Peninsula]].
* The [[Vietnam War|war of resistance]] against [[French Republic|France]] (then followed by the [[United States of America|USA)]] f
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...German Empire]]|death_date=11 February 1941 (aged 63)|death_place=Paris, [[French State (1940–1944)|France]]|political_orientation=[[Democratic socialism]]|i
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...of arms of Cameroon.svg|capital=[[Yaoundé]]|official_languages=English<br>French|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Paul Biya]]|leader_title2=Prime Mini
...ough it is independent in name, its government is directly controlled by [[French Republic|France]].<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Amba Leaks|newspape
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| birth_place = Kim Liên, Nghệ An Province, French Indochina
...struggle against the [[France|French]] [[Colonialism|colonialists]] and [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[imperialism]].
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...ap=Algeria map.svg|image_map_size=250|common_languages=Arabic<br>Berber<br>French|religion=99% Sunni [[Islam]]<br>1% other|demonym=Algerian|area_km2=2,381,74
=== French colonization ===
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...vernorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=25 July 1934|death_place=Paris, [[French Republic (1870–1940)|France]]|political_line=[[Anarchism]]|nationality=Ukra
...olution of 1917|February Revolution]] and left Ukraine during the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] and [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austrian]]
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* [[French Republic (1792–1804)|France]] under the [[Jacobins]] (especially after the
* [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]] in the 1930s and '40s
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...erman]] colony until the [[First World War]] in which Togo was seized by [[French Republic|France]] using troops from its colony of [[Republic of Senegal|Sen
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...Vietnam]]|birth_place=Lệ Thủy, Quảng Bình, [[Indochinese Union (1887–1954)|French Indochina]]|nationality=Vietnamese|political_line=[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[
...an. He fought in the wars against [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], [[French Republic (1946–1958)|France]], and the [[United States of America|United St
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|birth_place=Navyvarod, Hungary, [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]
...918)|Hungarian]] [[Marxism|Marxist]] who spent most of his adult life in [[French Republic|France]] where he made large contributions to Marxist [[philosophy
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:''For the past republics of France, see [[French Republic (disambiguation)]].''
|name=French Republic
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...den (1806–1918)|Grand Duchy of Baden]], [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]]|death_date=26 May 1976 (aged 86)|death_place=Meßkirch, [[State of Baden-W
...inspired anti-[[Marxism|Marxist]] [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[French Republic|French]] intellectuals during the 1960s and 1970s. More recently, [[Fascism|fascis
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...ation of independence of [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]] from [[French Republic|France]] and [[Japan]]
|'''Vladimir Lenin is born in the [[Russian Empire]]'''
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| birth_place = [[Faranah]], [[French Guinea]]
...re|Almamy Samory Touré]], founder of the [[Wassoulou Empire]] who resisted French colonialism in modern day Guinea.
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...br />• Dissolution of the Russian Empire<br />• Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire}}
...I''', was an international conflict that began with the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] declaring war on [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] on 28 July 1914, and ended
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...ritish Empire 5.png|thumb|Areas of the world that were part of the British Empire]]
...7|url=https://historycollection.com/10-atrocities-committed-by-the-british-empire-that-they-would-like-to-erase-from-history-books/}}</ref> In the 21st Centu
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...tps://covertactionmagazine.com/2020/12/10/outposts-of-the-u-s-surveillance-empire-denmark-and-beyond/|archive-date=2022-10-23|retrieved=2022-12-28|author=Ron
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| name = German Empire
| image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.png
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...–1806|image_map=Holy Roman Empire (1789).svg|map_width=260|map_caption=The empire in 1789|common_languages=German<br>Latin|population_estimate=29,000,000|pop
...]], [[Czech Republic|Czechia]], [[Hungary]], [[Italian Republic|Italy]], [[French Republic|France]], [[Kingdom of Belgium|Belgium]], the [[Kingdom of the Net
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...date=15 June 1914|birth_place=Nagutskaya, Stavropol Governorate, [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=9 February 1984|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[RSFSR]], [[Soviet Un
...gdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] and [[French Republic|French]] from expanding their nuclear arsenals.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|autho
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...d of [[Hispaniola]]. Due to [[French Republic|French]] [[colonialism]] and French and [[United States of America|Statesian]] [[neocolonialism]], Haiti is an
=== French colony ===
...
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...сии) was a war in parts of the former [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian Empire]] between the [[Red Army]] and counter-revolutionary [[White Army]]. [[Impe
...d to the Military Council of the Ukrainian Front to overthrow the [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]]-backed ruler [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]].<ref name=":1" />
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...e former [[French Republic|French]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] [[Imperialism|empire]]. This was widely supported by the people.{{Citation needed}} After taking
One such social change is that he led his country in changing the French colonial name of "[[Upper Volta]]" to "[[Burkina Faso]]" ("Land of Incorrup
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The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the Russian Empire, but was already extant abroad in January 1911.<ref>V. I. Lenin, Collected
...vately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English, French and Portuguese.
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...ic founded after the [[February Revolution]] and the fall of the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russian monarchy]].
...rgy Pyatakov|Pyatakov]] opposed self-determination for non-Russians in the empire.
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...lism|date=2018-01-09|url=https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/resistance-to-french-colonialism/|retrieved=2022-05-07}}</ref>
=== French colonization ===
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...s]], [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austria-Hungary]], Britain, [[French Third Republic (1870–1940)|France]], and others.<ref>{{Web citation|author=
...h century even thought it was banned in Britain. The UK, France, [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russia]], and the United States and the [[Second Opium War]] ag
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[[File:French revolution painting.png|thumb|A painting depicting the execution of King [[
...[[bourgeois revolution]] that overthrew the [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|French absolute monarchy]] and [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[nobility]]. It began with th
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=== French Revolutionary wars ===
...rule. The British killed 30,000 rebels, and [[French Republic (1792–1804)|French]] troops failed to arrive on time to support the resistance.<ref name=":022
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...than we can bear. There are mutinies in the [[French Republic (1870–1940)|French]] trenches! Agitators in [[Imperial Russian Army|the Tsar's army]] cry out
...Emperor|Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] flees [[German Empire (1871–1918)|Germany]]. Also in 1918, at 11:00 a.m.—the eleventh hour of th
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...7|capital=Saint Petersburg|largest_city=Saint Petersburg|image_map=Russian Empire.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Russian|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism
...[[State of Alaska|Alaska]], and [[Republic of Poland|Poland]]. Most of the empire's territory later became part of the USSR, but Finland and Poland became in
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