Zionism is a settler colonial and racial supremacist ideology that calls for the establishment of a Jewish state in the Land of Israel, even if it comes at the expense of its native inhabitants
History
Early Zionism
Before being adopted by Jews, Zionism was first proposed by European Christians. In the 16th century, English clergyman Thomas Brightman proposed that the Jewish diaspora return to Jerusalem. In the late 18th century, Austrian field marshal Charles-Joseph of Ligne said that the Jews should be returned to their homeland.
Zionism became more popular among Jewish people in the 19th century due to increased antisemitism in Europe and Russia. In 1897, Theodor Herzl founded the World Zionist Organization. At the end of the First World War, the British claimed former Ottoman territories, including Palestine. Evangelical Protestants encouraged Jews to leave Europe and settler migration into Palestine began. From 1936 to 1939, Arabs revolted against the British and the settlers. In 1939, the British restricted further Jewish immigration into Palestine. In 1947, the United Nations created a plan to partition Palestine into two independent states with a neutral Jerusalem.[1]
Establishment of Israel
A war broke out between Zionists and Palestinians in 1947 and the State of Israel was established in 1948. Israel expelled 700,000 Palestinians from their land in an event known as the Nakba.[1]
Other proposed Jewish states
From 1658 to 1666, a Jewish colony existed in English Guiana.[2] Mordecai Manuel Noah founded a Jewish city on Grand Island, New York, in 1825. It never succeeded and the island was sold to a timber investor in 1833.[3] In 1903, Theodor Herzl proposed the creation of a Jewish state in British East Africa in what is now Kenya.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Deconstructing and debunking Zionism" (2019-11-20). Line Struggle Collective. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ Samuel Oppenheim. An Early Jewish Colony in Western Guiana, 1658-1666 (p. 95). American Jewish Historical Society.
- ↑ Michael Feldberg. "Mordecai Manuel Noah" My Jewish Learning. Archived from the original on 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ↑ Alona Ferber (2015-08-15). "1903: Herzl Proposes Kenya (Not Uganda) as a Safe Haven for the Jews" Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2022-07-05.