Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1991): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|name=Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic|native_name=Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы<br>Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика|image_flag=Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1973–1991).svg|image_coat=Emblem_of_the_Turkmen_SSR.svg|capital=Ashgabat|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=[[Marxist–Leninist]] [[socialist state]]|flag_caption=Flag (1973–1991)|area_km2=491,210}} | {{Infobox country|name=Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic|native_name=Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы<br>Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика|image_flag=Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1973–1991).svg|image_coat=Emblem_of_the_Turkmen_SSR.svg|capital=Ashgabat|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=[[Marxist–Leninist]] [[socialist state]]|flag_caption=Flag (1973–1991)|image_map=Turkmen SSR map.svg|map_width=260|area_km2=491,210}} | ||
The '''Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic''' was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in [[Central Asia]]. | The '''Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic''' was a republic of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in [[Central Asia]]. | ||
== | == Economy == | ||
== | === Agriculture === | ||
From 1924 to 1940, the cotton yield of Turkmenistan increased by 450% and the yield per acre nearly doubled.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=W. P., Zelda K. Coates|year=1940|title=Russia, Finland and the Baltic|chapter=Introduction|pdf=https://ia600104.us.archive.org/2/items/RussiaFinlandBalticsCoates/Russia%20Finland%20Baltics%20Coates.pdf|city=London, [[England]]|publisher=Lawrence & Wishart Ltd.}}</ref> The percentage of the population working in agriculture dropped from 59.1% in 1939 to 48.6% in 1959.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The Asian Nationalities in the USSR|page=39–57|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd.|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref> | |||
In 1940, there were 1,347 schools in Turkmenistan, most of which were in rural areas. In addition, there were four universities, 38 technical colleges, and 18 scientific research institutes.<ref name=":0" /> | === Industry === | ||
Industrial output in Turkmenistan increased by 74 times from 1913 to 1978. The percentage of the Turkmen population working in industry, transportation, and construction rose from 20.3% to 26.7% from 1939 to 1959.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
== Living standards == | |||
=== Education === | |||
In 1940, there were 1,347 schools in Turkmenistan, most of which were in rural areas. In addition, there were four universities, 38 technical colleges, and 18 scientific research institutes.<ref name=":0" /> The number of students of all levels in the Turkmen SSR increased by over 90 times following the revolution.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
==== Literacy ==== | |||
Before the [[October Revolution]], less than 1% of the Turkmen population was literate.<ref name=":0" /> The literacy rate rose to 14% in 1926,<ref name=":02" /> 80% in 1940,<ref name=":0" /> and 95.4% in 1959.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
In 1970, 65% of books and 70% of newspapers published in Turkmenistan were in the Turkmen language.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
=== Health care === | |||
In 1971, Turkmenistan had fewer doctors and hospital beds per capita than the all-USSR average, although there were more doctors per adult.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
== Demographics == | |||
The proportion of Turkmens in the TSSR rose from 60.9% in 1959 to 68.4% in 1979. The amount of [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russians]] dropped from 14.5% to 12.6% between 1970 and 1979.<ref name=":02" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Republics of the Soviet Union]] | [[Category:Republics of the Soviet Union]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:51, 12 February 2023
| Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика | |
|---|---|
.svg) Flag (1973–1991)
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital | Ashgabat |
| Dominant mode of production | Socialism |
| Government | Marxist–Leninist socialist state |
| Area | |
• Total | 491,210 km² |
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was a republic of the Soviet Union in Central Asia.
Economy[edit | edit source]
Agriculture[edit | edit source]
From 1924 to 1940, the cotton yield of Turkmenistan increased by 450% and the yield per acre nearly doubled.[1] The percentage of the population working in agriculture dropped from 59.1% in 1939 to 48.6% in 1959.[2]
Industry[edit | edit source]
Industrial output in Turkmenistan increased by 74 times from 1913 to 1978. The percentage of the Turkmen population working in industry, transportation, and construction rose from 20.3% to 26.7% from 1939 to 1959.[2]
Living standards[edit | edit source]
Education[edit | edit source]
In 1940, there were 1,347 schools in Turkmenistan, most of which were in rural areas. In addition, there were four universities, 38 technical colleges, and 18 scientific research institutes.[1] The number of students of all levels in the Turkmen SSR increased by over 90 times following the revolution.[2]
Literacy[edit | edit source]
Before the October Revolution, less than 1% of the Turkmen population was literate.[1] The literacy rate rose to 14% in 1926,[2] 80% in 1940,[1] and 95.4% in 1959.[2]
In 1970, 65% of books and 70% of newspapers published in Turkmenistan were in the Turkmen language.[2]
Health care[edit | edit source]
In 1971, Turkmenistan had fewer doctors and hospital beds per capita than the all-USSR average, although there were more doctors per adult.[2]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
The proportion of Turkmens in the TSSR rose from 60.9% in 1959 to 68.4% in 1979. The amount of Russians dropped from 14.5% to 12.6% between 1970 and 1979.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 W. P., Zelda K. Coates (1940). Russia, Finland and the Baltic: 'Introduction'. [PDF] London, England: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd..
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Albert Szymanski (1984). Human Rights in the Soviet Union: 'The Asian Nationalities in the USSR' (pp. 39–57). [PDF] London: Zed Books Ltd.. ISBN 0862320186 [LG]